z 
<o37 




DDQ135601flE 




Class„ 

Book__ b 

CopightN°_ 



CDHfRlGIIT DEPOSIT. 



Landscape Architecture 

A COMPREHENSIVE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME 

FOR BOOKS, PLANS, PHOTOGRAPHS, NOTES 

AND OTHER COLLECTED MATERIAL 



WITH COMBINED 

ALPHABETIC TOPIC INDEX AND LIST 

OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 



BY 

HENRY VINCENT HUBBARD 

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LANDSCAPE. ARCHITECTURE 
AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY 

AND 

THEODORA KIMBALL 

LIBRARIAN OF THE SCHOOL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY 




CAMBRIDGE 
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS 

19-20 



Landscape Architecture 

A COMPREHENSIVE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME 

FOR BOOKS, PLANS, PHOTOGRAPHS, NOTES 

AND OTHER COLLECTED MATERIAL 



WITH COMBINED 

ALPHABETIC TOPIC INDEX AND LIST 

OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 



IIS& 



BY 

HENRY VINCENT HUBBARD 

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY 

AND 

THEODORA KIMBALL 

LIBRARIAN OF THE SCHOOL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY 




CAMBRIDGE 

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS 

1920 



.LI2.I 



COPYRIGHT, 1920 
BY HARVAHD UNIVERSITY PRESS 



MAK 20 1920 



©CU566152 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Preface and Guide to the Use of the Classification 5 

Definition of the Field of Landscape Architecture ... 5 

Usefulness of the Classification 5 

Practical Application of the Classification to Arrange- 
ment of Existing Material 6 

This Classification in relation to other Classification 

Schemes 7 

Preliminary Landscape Architecture Scheme ... 7 

City Planning Classification 7 

Library of Congress Classification 8 

Adaptations to other Systems of Classification . . 9 

Organization of this Classification 9 

Headings 9 

Numbering 10 

Indentation H 

Explanatory Notes 11 

Cross-references 12 

Summary Outline 12 

Geographical Table 12 

' The Index and List of Subject Headings 13 

Acknowledgments 13 

Summary Outline 15 

Classification Scheme 21 

Geographical Table 91 

General 91 

Estates and Gardens 93 

Alphabetic List of Subject Headings and Index to the 

Classification Scheme 97 

Introductory Note 97 

List and Index 99 



PREFACE 

AND GUIDE TO THE USE OF THE CLASSIFICATION 



DEFINITION OF THE FIELD OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

" Landscape Architecture is the art of fitting land for 
human use and enjoyment. 

" The Landscape Architect designs and advises regarding 
the arrangement, and directs the development, of land and 
the objects upon it in connection with private grounds and 
gardens, institutions, public parks, playgrounds and squares, 
cemeteries, streets and parkways, residential communities, 
and problems of city and regional planning." L 

USEFULNESS OF THE CLASSIFICATION 

This is the first comprehensive classification of the field 
of Landscape Architecture. It attempts to show in detail 
both the subjects making up the field, as far as possible in 
their logical relations and as regarded from various points of 
view, and also the relation of the field itself to tangent fields. 
The profession of Landscape Architecture is now so well 
established, with a background of accomplishment, and pub- 
lic familiarity with the subject and with its literature is now 
so general, that a classification can be produced with the 
reasonable certainty that its main divisions will remain per- 
manently useful, and that future developments of the sub- 
ject can find logical places within the present outline, with 
changes, if at all, only in some of the minor headings. This 
classification has been worked out primarily for use with the 
extensive collections of the Harvard School of Landscape 
Architecture Library, and has proved increasingly satis- 
factory through eight years of development and adaptation. 

The Classification Scheme should prove useful to libra- 
ries, to offices of practitioners, and to students, who need an 
organized scheme under which to file and record the data 

1 From Official Statement of Professional Practice, American Society of 
Landscape Architects, Adopted September, 1919. 



PREFACE 

they are collecting, and a logical analysis of the subject 
showing as a whole the ground which their education may 
eventually cover. 

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE CLASSIFICATION TO EXISTING 
MATERIAL 

In collections relating to landscape architecture the fol- 
lowing forms of material are useful for reference : published 
literature, including books, pamphlets, reports, periodical 
articles, and clippings ; graphic material, published or in orig- 
inal form, including maps, plans, drawings, photographs, 
plates, postcards and miscellaneous pictorial matter; manu- 
script material, including notes and bibliographical refer- 
ences. In order that one outline of the subject shall cover 
material in such various forms, clearly certain sections must 
provide more particularly for books or pamphlets, and cer- 
tain other sections more particularly for pictorial material. 
The several parts of this classification scheme are therefore 
developed according to the amount and form of material 
to be classified under each. 

The classification scheme has been developed also to pro- 
vide alternative places to classify material when considered 
from various points of view or with certain special uses in 
mind. For example, photographs of walls, fences, hedges, 
and shrub borders enclosing gardens might be classified 
respectively in the places provided for them as physical 
objects; i.e., under Structures, 3300 + , and under Plan- 
tations, 1827, etc., 2424; or again they might be grouped 
in 4327, being considered as boundaries of a garden. And 
a selection of a dozen photographs of various subjects, each 
classifiable elsewhere, might be brought together in 1174, as 
examples of landscape composition. In the design collec- 
tion of photographs at the Harvard School of Landscape 
Architecture Library, it has been found desirable to classify 
the bulk of photographs according to their actual object 
classification, but to select groups of photographs suggestive 
in designing for classification under Landscape Composition, 
Garden Design, etc. 

There are similar possibilities for arranging manuscript 
notes from various points of view, with cross-references as 

6 



PREFACE 

necessary. In fact, for the student, the classification scheme 
has unusual value for the filing of notes; and an up-to-date 
alphabetic index to the notes may be maintained in the 
printed index to the classification scheme by making a 
check mark against the topics used. 

THIS CLASSIFICATION IN RELATION TO OTHER CLASSIFICATION 
SCHEMES 

Preliminary Landscape Architecture Scheme 

In the January 1913 issue of the quarterly Landscape 
Architecture, the authors of this comprehensive Landscape 
Architecture Classification published a " Scheme for the 
Classification of Reference Material in a Landscape Archi- 
tect's Office," based on the fuller scheme in preparation. 
The differences between that short scheme and the summary 
outline of the present classification are the outcome of ex- 
perience in classifying large quantities of material since the 
earlier publication. 

City Planning Classification 

While this Landscape Architecture Classification is a 
reasonably complete and independent scheme within itself, 
it is nevertheless planned definitely to interlock with the 
City Planning Classification already published. 1 In an 
office or library collecting material extensively on the public 
problems of the landscape architect, the two schemes should 
be used together, as they are at the Harvard School of Land- 
scape Architecture Library, where they have been developed 
and applied simultaneously. Fulfilling the promise made in 
the preface to the City Planning Scheme, in this Landscape 
Architecture Scheme numerous cross-references to the City 
Planning numbers have been made, with an indication of 
what has proved the more convenient place to classify ma- 
terial covered by both schemes. 

1 City Planning: A Comprehensive Analysis of theljjubject, arranged for 
the classification of Books, Plans, Photographs, Note™ and other collected 
material; with Alphabetic Subject Index; by James Sturgis Pray, Chairman, 
School of Landscape Architecture, Harvard University, and Theodora Kim- 
ball, Librarian, School of Landscape Architecture, Harvard University. 
Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1913. 103 pages. Paper. 
Price, $1.00 postpaid. 



PREFACE 

Library of Congress Classification 

In the Preface to the City Planning Classification (pp. 9 
and 10) will be found a full explanation of the selection of 
the Library of Congress Classification principle as the basis 
for both Landscape Architecture and City Planning Schemes. 
To quote: "It is comprehensive, generally known through 
the wide circulation of printed catalogue cards numbered 
according to it, and adapted in principle to serve as a basis 
for the arrangement of the special field of the Library. This 
principle is a combination of logical subdivision with con- 
venient sequence, allowing a maximum of elasticity in de- 
velopment. Its simple sequential system of numbering was 
found easy to use in the Library, and convenient of applica- 
tion to the outline of the subject without forcing. In cor- 
respondence with Mr. Charles Martel, then Chief Classifier 
of the Library of Congress (now Chief of the Catalogue 
Division) a place was assigned the subject in the general 
Library of Congress scheme (in which no adequate provision 
for Landscape Architecture or City Planning existed) in 
Class N, Fine Arts. Landscape Architecture and City 
Planning were erected as independent sub-classes co- 
ordinate with and immediately following Architecture, num- 
bered NA. As the sub-class designation NB was already in 
use, it was necessary to use a three-letter combination which 
would assume Architecture to be NA(A), Landscape Archi- 
tecture NAB, and City Planning NAC. Although City 
Planning is not primarily a fine art its fundamental esthetic 
aspect and its close connection with the practice of Land- 
scape Architecture and Architecture were considered to 
justify its position in class N." 

A library using other portions of the Library of Congress 
Classification may wish to make use of the cross-references 
to them inserted in the Landscape Architecture Scheme (as, 
for instance, to SB and SD, Horticulture and Forestry, TE, 
Roads, etc.); but the ordinary professional office should not 
find this necessary, and should be able to group its material 
conveniently under the numbers afforded by the Landscape 
Architecture and City Planning Schemes. 



PREFACE 

Adaptations to other Systems of Classification. 

The outline of the subject of Landscape Architecture as 
given in this classification can be used in connection with 
other systems of classification in general use. For instance, 
for the meager section beginning 710 in the Dewey Decimal 
Classification, the following outline might be substituted: 1 
.01-08 Bibliography through Museums, .11-. 17 Collected 
Works through General Special (or these form headings 
could be rearranged to conform with general decimal classi- 
fication practice); .2 Landscape improvement movement; 
.3 Legislation; A Study and teaching; .5 Theory of landscape 
design; .6 Methods of technical procedure; .7 Elements and 
materials of landscape and landscape design; .8 Types of land- 
scape designs, according to use; .9 Geographical arrangement. 
Subheads could be adjusted and similarly numbered in deci- 
mal fashion. 

ORGANIZATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION 2 

Headings 

The first series of main headings (see the Summary Out- 
line) through 300, General special, have been selected from 
those in general use by the Library of Congress. They might 
be termed " form headings," since they refer particularly 
to the form in which the material appears, e.g., a Periodical, 
a Dictionary, The phrase " General special " is used as a 
heading for material, which, though general, is not com- 
prehensive but deals with some special phase of the general 
topic, e.g., under the general subject Landscape Architec- 
ture, the topic 305, Purpose and utility, appears under Gen- 
eral special. This heading has been used consistently 
throughout this scheme, sometimes with subheads, but often 
merely with a gap in the numbering to permit the insertion 
of future subheads if desired. 

The second series of headings beginning with 500, Land- 
scape improvement movement, constitutes a systematic 
subdivision of the field, adjusted to the demands of classi- 

' Cf. the suggestion for use of the City Planning Classification with the 
Decimal System (Preface, p. 11). 

: ' Since the organization of this scheme and of the City Planning scheme are 
on the same principle, much of the following explanation has been taken from 
that given in the Preface to the City Planning Classification. 

9 



PREFACE 

fying kinds of material which, as physical objects, can stand 
in the files only in one place. As has been stated earlier in 
this preface, certain headings apply more to literature and 
certain others more to pictorial matter. Use of the topics 
will soon reveal this distinction. Certain subheads have 
been provided uniformly under many analogous headings; 
beyond this, an exact uniformity of phrase under all sub- 
heads has not been sought: it has seemed better to use 
whatever phrases were most expressive in the given instance. 

However, as far as possible, corresponding parts of the 
outline itself have been constructed as uniformly as possible, 
to offer mnemonic advantage, as for instance, under Plants 
(see explanation on p. 39). 

In order to present the subject clearly, each major sub- 
division of the outline is developed to a certain proportion, 
even if the subheads are given only as cross-references, e.g., 
Landscape construction and maintenance, 1400 + . In 
minor cases, however, only typical topics have been given 
under a heading, often in order to make clear the kind of 
material which should be classified there. These type sub- 
heads have been generally chosen because they represented 
actual existing material. Gaps have been left in the num- 
bering for the insertion of other similar subheads. 

In arranging a series of subheads, a coherent sequence has 
been preferred to an alphabetic arrangement, on account of 
the advantage gained for pictorial material, e.g., Pleasure 
buildings and other pleasure structures, 3150 +. In general, 
the sequence of the actual material as arranged by this 
scheme has been carefully considered. 

Numbering. 

The numbering system is that employed by the Library 
of Congress, a sequence of simple cardinal numbers, with 
gaps left between the numbers assigned the topics given, in 
order to allow for the insertion of new topics. Further ex- 
pansion may be provided for by the use of decimals, as in 
section 1850+ of this scheme. In addition to the expansion 
of the scheme by decimals, numbers for new subheads may 
be added on the decimal principle as follows : — g, geo- 
graphic, gf5-grl84 (see p. 91) ; m, material, wl-m9 (see p. 57) ; 

10 



PREFACE 

c, exact cross-subordination, for any series of existing topics 
in the scheme useful as subdivisions under another topic, 
e.g., Planting in relation to steps, 1840c3375. The letter is 
used instead of a decimal point. 

The numbering of the Scheme was done loosely, since the 
subject was growing so rapidly, and might develop at an 
unexpected point or in an unexpected way. Several hun- 
dred numbers have been left open to provide for such emer- 
gencies. Sections of the scheme now numbered closely 
represent subjects which have developed during the eight 
years in which this scheme has been in preparation. 

In classifying material in a library using the Library of 
Congress Classification, the numbers of the outline would be 
preceded by NAB, the general class designation for Land- 
scape Architecture. For a collection wholly on landscape 
architecture and using only this scheme, NAB need not be 
used, since the numerical designation is sufficient. In a col- 
lection using the City Planning Scheme (NAC) and this 
scheme (NAB), B might be used for Landscape Architecture 
and C for City Planning, or whatever other mnemonic de- 
vice seemed preferable. 

Indentation 

It has not been possible to express exact coordination and 
subordination of heads and subheads by the indentation. 
Often importance or bulk of material has pulled a logically 
subordinate topic into a more important place. Further- 
more, indentation by exact logical arrangement would make 
many of the headings too far to the right of the page for 
convenient printing; and the insertion of headings to show 
theoretical relations, where not necessary for clearness, 
would render the outline clumsy for use in classifying 
material. 

Explanatory Notes. 

Notes have been given throughout the scheme explaining 
the meaning of a heading and what material should be classi- 
fied under it, wherever the authors felt that these points 
were not self-evident. 



11 



PREFACE 

Cross-references . 

Cross-references have been freely made between headings 
containing related material, and further to call attention to 
headings under which the same material might be arranged 
from different points of view. In making these cross- 
references, where there has been no doubt as to the connec- 
tion, the number referred to has been given alone without 
the corresponding heading. In doubtful cases, the heading 
referred to has been given in addition to the numerical ref- 
erence. The authors did not feel that it was advisable to give 
referred-to headings except in doubtful cases, on account of 
the great increase in bulk which the headings for the very 
large number of cross-references would have caused. In 
making the numerical cross-reference to a topic, the initial 
number only has been used, followed by a plus sign (e.g., 
1800+) if the topic occupies more than one number. 
Throughout the scheme the numbers and topics given in 
curves followed by a reference to some other number show 
where material might be classified if desired for some special 
purpose, but where the authors do not think it as well 
placed from a general point of view as under the number re- 
ferred to. The Index may be used to supplement cross- 
references in the text. 

Summary Outline 

Besides the full Classification Scheme, the authors in- 
clude a Summary Outline, consisting of the main heads and 
subheads. This Summary shows the general construction 
of the Scheme, and also may serve as a briefer basis for ar- 
rangement of material for a small collection. The topics 
given in the Summary Outline are printed in capitals in the 
full scheme, both for emphasis and to facilitate reference 
from the Summary to the Scheme itself, and these topics are 
starred in the alphabetic index. 

Geographical Table 

The Geographical Table given with this Classification is 
explained in a note on p. 91. It is accompanied by a special 
table for use in classifying local material on Estates and 
Gardens (p. 93). 

12 



PREFACE 

The Index and List of Subject Headings 

A full index to the classification scheme has been com- 
bined with a set of standard subject headings to be used for 
card indexes or library catalogues. The use of the Index 
and Subject Headings is explained in the Introductory Note 
on p. 97. As has already been suggested, the index may be 
made a record of a personal collection by check marks against 
topics on which material has been assembled. In a very 
small collection, assembled in a vertical file, it may be ad- 
visable to use only an alphabetic arrangement of material, 
disregarding the classification numbers, and using the sub- 
ject headings as a standard series of topics for filing. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

The authors gratefully acknowledge constructive sugges- 
tions received from many sources both in the earlier stages 
of the preparation of the Landscape Architecture Classi- 
fication and during its development and application, especi- 
ally from Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted, Professor James 
Sturgis Pray, Professor Fiske Kimball, Mr. Fletcher Steele, 
Mr. Bremer Whidden Pond, Mr. Elbert Peets, Mr. Charles 
Martel of the Library of Congress, and Mr. Stephen F. 
Hamblin who is largely responsible for the Horticultural sec- 
tion of the Scheme (numbered 1850-1874). Since, however 
permanent its main structure may be, no scheme is final in 
detail, the authors of this scheme welcome further construc- 
tive criticisms arising from the testing of the scheme in per- 
sonal collections, special libraries, or offices of practising 
landscape architects. 

Henry Vincent Hubbard, 
Theodora Kimball. 

Cambridge, Mass., 

December 30, 1919. 



13 



Landscape Architecture Classification 

Summary Outline 

Only the more important headings are given here. If used in 

connection with the Library of Congress Classification, prefix 

NAB to numbers. 



(0) 


Bibliography. 






(1) 


Periodicals. 






(15) 


Yearbooks. 






(20) 


Societies. 






(40) 


Congresses. Conferences. 


Conventions. 


(50) 


Exhibitions. 






(70) 


Museums. 






180 


Collected Works. 






190 


Encyclopedias, dictionaries, 


etc. 




195 


Directories. 






200 


Biography. 






210 


History. Historic styles of landscape 


design 



250 General works. 

300 General special, including name, field, professional 
opportunities, etc. 

500 Landscape improvement movement. 
510 Organization. 
540 Education of public. 
560 Forms of improvement. 

700 Legislation. Legal aspects of landscape architec- 
ture. 

900 Study and teaching. 

910 Subject matter. 

930 Methods. 

960 Special countries. 

980 Special professional schools. 

1000 Theory of landscape design. 
(1005) (Economic theory) See 4000 + , Types of landscape 
designs, according to use. 
15 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Theory of landscape design (continued). 

1010 Esthetic theory (General). 

1020 Taste. Ideals. Appreciation. Criticism. 

1030 Style in landscape design. 

1050 Landscape character. 

1060 Landscape effect. 

1100 Landscape composition. 

1115 Forms of order in composition. 

1130 Characteristics of objects, and circumstances 

modifying their appearance, in landscape 
composition 

1170 Landscape compositions and their composi- 

tional elements. 

1200 Methods of technical procedure. Profes- 
sional practice. 

1210 Professional conduct and relations. 

1230 Organization and equipment of office. 

1240 Collection of data. 

1246 Office procedure in design. 

1250 Presentation of design. 

1355 Superintendence of construction and maintenance. 

1400 Landscape construction and maintenance. 

1500 Elements and materials in landscape ' and 

landscape design. 
1600 Ground forms. Natural forms of ground, rock, 

and waters. 
1605 Design. 

1640 Geologic origin of ground forms. 

1650 Special forms and units, according to natural 

character. 
1800 Plants. Vegetation. 
1805 Design. Planting design. Plantations. 

1850 Planting and culture. Horticulture. 

1875 Description. Plants as materials of landscape 

design. 
(Special forms of plants). 
2100 Trees. 

2400 Shrubs. 

16 



CLASSIFICATION — SUMMARY OUTLINE 

Elements and Materials in landscape and land- 
scape design (continued). 
Plants (continued). 

2700 Herbaceous plants. 

3000 Structures, in landscape. 

3005 Design. 

3040 Construction and maintenance. 

(Special forms of structures). 

3050 Buildings for residence and other major uses. 

3100 Service buildings and other service structures, 

including farm buildings, service yards, 
etc. 

3150 Pleasure buildings and other pleasure struc- 

tures, including pavilions, arbors, garden 
theaters, stadiums, tennis courts, etc. 

3225 Terraces, embankments, structural shore 

treatment. 

3300 Walls, fences, gates, steps, etc. 

3400 Minor accessory structures. 

3405 Primarily for service purposes. Service 

accessories. 

3425 Primarily for ornamental and pleasure 

purposes. " Garden furniture." 

3490 Canals, moats, etc. 

3495 Dams. 

3500 Bridges. 

3550 Tunnels. 

3600 Roads, paths, etc. 

3700 Pipes, conduits, wires. 

3900 Types of landscape. Landscape characters. 
Natural scenery. " Free land- 
scape." 

3910 Types according to dominant ground forms and 
topography. 

3920 Types according to dominant vegetation. 

3930 Types according to climate. 

3940 Types according to effect of human occupation and 
activities. 

3975 Types according to locality. 

17 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

4000 Types of Landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples. 

4200 Gardens. 

4700 Private estates. 

5100 Country club grounds. 

5150 Hotel grounds, country, seashore, etc. 

5180 Recreation camps. 

5200 Hospital, asylum, sanatorium, etc., grounds. 

5250 College, university, private school grounds. 

5300 Church grounds. 

5400 Factory grounds. 

5450 Railroad grounds, including station grounds and 
rights of way. 

5500 Grounds of public buildings. 

5510 Capitol, city-hall, court-house grounds, etc. 

5530 Library and museum grounds. 

5550 Public school grounds. 

5600 Exposition grounds. 

5650 Fair grounds, state, county, and other. 

5700 Amusement parks. 

5730 Open-air concert gardens. Tea gardens. Outdoor 
restaurants. 

5750 Zoological parks. 

5800 Botanical gardens. 

5850 Arboretums. 

5900 Cemeteries. 

6000 Public and semi-public reservations, parks, play- 
grounds, and other outdoor public rec- 
reation facilities. 

6100 Reservations. 

6125 Forest and water-supply reservations. 

6200 Scenic reservations. 

6240 Places containing special natural features and 

features of historic interest. 

6250 Reservations for preservation of animal and 

bird life, and plant life. 

6260 Reservations for defence. 

6300 Large parks, including large landscape parks. 

6400 Small parks. Neighborhood parks. Commons, 

etc. 

18 



CLASSIFICATION — SUMMARY OUTLINE 

Typks s of Landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
Public and semi-public reservations, etc. (contin'd). 
(5500 Playgrounds, athletic fields, and provisions for 

special sports. 
6600 Water parks. Recreational waterfronts. 

6800 Parks of special countries and cities, including 

reports of park commissions, arranged 
geographically. 

7000 Landscape designs in larger public problems 

of the arrangement of land. 

7100 Land subdivision, for residential purposes. 

7500 Town and city planning. 

8500 Regional planning. 

8700 Rural planning. 

8900 State planning. 

9000 National planning. 



19 



Landscape Architecture Classification 

If used in connection with Library of Congress Classification, 
prefix NAB to numbers. 

Bibliography. 

General only. Special bibliographies go with special subjects. 
Cf. Library of Congress Class Z (Bibliography). 

Periodicals. 

Subdivided by language. Only general periodicals to be classi- 
fied here; e. g., periodicals relating to Parks go in 6002. See 
Index under Periodicals. 

(1) (General.) 

2 American and English. 

4 French. 

5 German. 

14 Other. 

15 Yearbooks. 
Societies. 

Proceedings, sets of publications. For works on formation of 
landscape improvement societies, their activities, etc., see 513. 



(20) 


(General.) 


21 


International. 


22 


United States. 


23 


Latin America. South America, Central America, 




Mexico. 


25 


British Empire. 


28 


France and Belgium. 


29 


Germany, Austria. 


31 


Hungary, Bohemia. 


32 


Italy. 


33 


Scandinavia, Holland. 


35 


Spain and Portugal. 


36 


Switzerland. 


39 


Other. 



21 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Congresses. Conferences. Conventions. 

Proceedings, etc. 

(40) (General.) 
42 Permanent. 

Arranged alphabetically by name of congress. 
46 Occasional. 

Arranged chronologically. 

Exhibitions. 

Exhibitions in connection with Congresses go here, but with 
cross-reference from Congresses. Cf. 546, 940. 



(50) 


(General.) 


52 


International. 




Local. 


55 


United States. 


60 


Europe 


65 


Other. 




Museums. 


(70) 


(General.) 




Local. 


75 


United States. 


80 


Europe. 


85 


Other. 




Collected works. General series 


180 


Several authors. 


185 


Individual authors. 



190 Encyclopaedias, dictionaries, glossaries, lists of 
terms, etc. 

195 Directories. 

Biography. 
200 Collective. 
205 Individual. A-Z. 

History. Historic styles of landscape design. 

Cf. (4280), (4477), 4701 + . Only the more clear-cut styles, 
and those on which literature has appeared, have been chosen 
for mention here. Other minor styles may be fitted into the 
outline, if desired. 

If it is desired to distinguish between a style in the country 
of its origin and its influence or development in other coun- 
tries, the letter a may be added to the subdivision number, 
e. g., 236a, Style of Le Notre abroad. 

22 



CLASSIFICATION 

History. Historic styles of landscape design 
(continued). 
210 General. Comprehensive. 

Occidental. 
212 General. 

Ancient. 
215 General. 

217 Egyptian and Mesopotamia^ 

219 Greek and Roman. 

224 Other. 
Mediaeval. 

225 General. 

226 Monastic. Cloister garths. 

227 Feudal. Mediaeval pleasances. 

228 Communal. 

Cf. NAC 225. 

Modern, including Renaissance. 

230 General. 

231 Mohammedan. Moorish in Spain. 

Cf. 246. 

232 Italian Renaissance. Baroque. 

233 French Renaissance. 

234 English Renaissance. Tudor. Elizabethan. 

235 Dutch. 

236 Style of Le Notre. French Grand Style. 

237 English " Landscape School." 

238 French informal. 

As developed in France subsequent to the vogue of the 
English " Landscape School." Cf. 237a. 

239 American landscape style, 1850-. Style of 

the elder Olmsted and its influence. 

240 German formal. 1897-. 1 

242 Other. 
Oriental. 

243 General. 

244 Chinese. 

245 Japanese. 

246 Persian. 

' 1897 is date of the Hamburg Gartenbau-Ausstelhing, where Lichtwark's 
formal plan was notable. (Gothein. I 

23 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

History. Historic styles of landscape design 
(continued) . 
Oriental (continued) . 

247 Indian. Moghul. 

248 Other. 

249 By country. 

Use Geographical Table, with g; e.g., 249flS7, England; 
249^6 American Colonial. Cf. 4701+. See note on p. 91. 

General works. 

250 Comprehensive treatises. 

254 Outlines, syllabi, charts, diagrams, etc. 

Including classification schemes. 

258 Pocket-books, tables, etc. 
260 Partial works. 

Treating two or more subdivisions of the general subject. 

Essays, addresses, lectures. 

Cf . 542. Text, programs, announcements of addresses and 
lectures (other than from the landscape improvement 
point of view) go here. 

265 Collective. 

Miscellaneous. 

270 Single. 

When general; specific go with subject. 

(280) General collections of material in special forms. 
" Libraries." 

Classify here only material which it is desired to keep to- 
gether as a collection rather than to distribute by subject. 

282 Atlases and general collections of plans. 

284 Portfolios and general collections of paintings, 

drawings, sketches, etc. 
286 Albums and general collections of photographs, 

prints, plates, postcards, etc. 

288 General collections of lantern slides. 

290 General collections of clippings, excerpts, etc. 

292 General collections of manuscripts, notes, etc. 

294 General collections of books and pamphlets. 

Chosen as typical; e.g., "ten books on landscape archi- 
tecture for an office library. " 

300 General special. 

302 Name. Definition. Use of terms. 

Landscape architecture, landscape gardening, landscape 
design, etc. 

24 



CLASSIFICATION 

General special (continued). 
305 Purpose and utility. 

Landscape design as promoting outdoor life, health, efficiency, 
pleasure, etc. 

310 Field, scope. Relation to other arts, sciences and 
professions. 
Landscape architecture as an art, science, or pro- 
fession. Requirements and opportuni- 
ties. Professional opportunities. 

320 General. 

322 General special. 

323 War service of landscape architects. 

324 Women in the profession of landscape archi- 

tecture. 

Landscape improvement movement. 

Cf. NAC 500 + , City-planning movement. Civic improve- 
ment. 



500 


General. 


505 


General special. 




Purposes, activities, progress, etc. 




Organization. 


510 


General. 


513 


Societies. 


515 


University extension work. 


519 


Other. 



Education of public. Educational campaigns. 

Cf. 51.5, University extension work, above. 

540 General. 

542 Lectures. 

Cf. 265+. 

544 Publications, propaganda. 

546 Demonstrations, exhibitions. 

Cf. (50)+, 940. 

548 Teaching in public schools. 

Cf. 900 + . 

Forms of improvement. 
560 General. 

565 " Yard improvement." " Garden contests." 

Cf. 4200 + , 4900+. 
25 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Landscape improvement movement (continued). 
568 Improvement of public and semi-public grounds. 

Cf. 5200-5590. 

570 Road and roadside improvement. 

Cf. 1848, 3605 + . 

573 Countryside improvement. 

Cf. NAC 580 + . 

575 Billboard removal. 

Cf. NAC 3880. 

585 War memorials. 

Cf. 3440. 

590 Other. 

700 Legislation. Legal aspects of landscape archi- 
tecture. 

Put here only general or collected legislation relating to 
matters within the field of landscape architecture. Legislation 
relating to professional practice goes in 1213; relating to 
Parks, etc., in 6014. Cf. NAC 700+, and notes. 

Study and teaching. 

For popular education in landscape improvement, see 540 +. 

900 General. 

905 General special. 

Subject matter. 

910 General. 

911 Theory and practice of landscape design, eco- 

nomic and esthetic. 

Study of typical landscape units. Problems. Criti- 
cism. Cf. 1000 + , 1246. 

912 Theory. 

914 Practice. 

915 Presentation of design. 

Drawings, reports, etc. Cf. 1250 -f. 
917 Construction and maintenance. 

Including grading, planting, etc. Cf. 1400 + . 

919 Elements and materials of landscape and land- 

scape design. 
Cf. 1500 + . 

920 Special contributory subjects. 

E. g., Geology, Forestry, Architecture. 
26 



CLASSIFICATION 





Study and teaching (continued). 




Methods. 


930 


General. 


935 


Courses of study in universities, colleges, tech 




nical schools. 




Cf. 548. 


939 


" Correspondence courses." 


940 


Study in libraries, collections, exhibitions. 




Cf. (50)+, 546. 


945 


Observation and travel. 


946 


Travelling fellowships. 


947 


Study tours. Itineraries. 


950 


Experience in offices of practitioners. 




Special countries. 


960 


United States. 


962 


England. 


964 


France. 


966 


Germany. 


978 


Other. 



Special professional schools. 

Including catalogues and bulletins. Note: word " School " 
is used in the sense of institution, not in the sense, e.g., 
English " Landscape School." 



980 


United States. 


982 


England. 


984 


France. 


986 


Germany. 


998 


Other. 




Theory of Landscape Design 


1000 


General. 


1002 


General special. 



(1005) (Economic theory.) See 4000 +, Types of land- 
scape designs, according to use. 

Esthetic theory (General). 
1010 General. 

1015 Psychological basis. 

1020 Taste. Ideals. Appreciation. Criticism. 

27 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Theory op Landscape Design (continued). 
Style in landscape design. 

1030 General. 

1031 General special. 

Effect of climate, topography, social customs, etc. 

1034 Categories. 

1035 Formal and Informal. 

1036 Formal. 

Including styles termed " Regular," " Archi- 
tectural, " Geometrical," " Symmetrical." 

1037 Informal. 

Including styles termed " Gardenesque," etc. 

1038 Humanized and Naturalistic. 
(1039) (Humanized). 

1040 Naturalistic. 

1041 Classic and Romantic. 

1042 Classic. 

1043 Romantic. 

(1047) (Examples.) 

(1048) (Individual styles.) For discussion of in- 

dividual designer not included in His- 
toric styles, see 205. 

(1049) (Historic styles.) See 210 +, History, in- 

cluding Historic styles. 

Landscape character. 

This term is used to designate the sum of the qualities 
of a natural landscape, which give it recognizable in- 
dividuality. Cf. the term Style, as applied to man- 
made landscape designs. 



1050 


General. 


(1055) 


(Examples.) See 3900 + , Types of landscape. 




Landscape characters. 




Landscape effect. 


1060 


General. 


1063 


Categories and examples. 


1064 


Historic examples. 


1065 


The " Beautiful." 


1066 


The " Picturesque." 


1067 


The " Sublime." 


1068 


Other effects discussed in the older litera- 




ture of landscape design. 




E. g., the melancholy, the gay, etc. 




28 



CLASSIFICATION 

Theory of Landscape Design (continued). 
Landscape effect (continued). 
1070 Effects due mainly to style or landscape 

character. 

E. g., grand. 
1075 Effects due mainly to transitory conditions 

of weather, light or darkness, hour of 
day, etc. 

E. g., gloomy. 

1077 Effects due mainly to association of ideas. 

E. g., romantic. Cf. 1043. 

1079 Other effects. 

Landscape composition. 

1100 General. 

1105 General special. 

1107 Comparison with landscape painting. Land- 

scape architecture in painting. 

1109 Unity and attraction of attention, extent 

of composition, consideration of visual 
angle, etc. 

1111 Emphasis, contrast, variety, climax, domi- 

nance. 

Forms of order in composition. 
1115 General. Harmony. Unity. 

1117 General special. 

1120 Repetition. 

Including Monotony. 

1121 Sequence. Rhythm. 

1123 Balance. 

1124 Symmetrical balance. Symmetry. 

1126 Unsymmetrical balance. Occult balance. 

Characteristics of objects, and circum- 
stances MODIFYING THEIR APPEARANCE, 
IN LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION. 

1130 General. 

1132 General special. 

1134 (Material.) See 1500 +, Elements and ma- 

terials in landscape and landscape design. 
29 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Theory of Landscape Design (continued). 
Landscape composition (continued). 

1137 Shape. Form (in its restricted sense). 

1138 Silhouette. 

1140 Size. Scale. 

1141 Absolute and relative scale. 
1145 Texture. 

1147 Color. 

1150 Light and shade. 

1152 Orientation. 

In general. Cf. 30.50 + , Buildings. 

1153 Shadows. 

1154 Night effects. 

1 155 Perspective. 

1156 Atmosphere and Atmospheric perspective. 

Aerial perspective. 

Cf. 1540. 

1157 Seasonal effects. 

The abbreviations Sp., Su., A., W., may be used hero 
for subdivisions if desired, for Spring, Summer, Au- 
tumn, and Winter. 



1158 


Movement. Effect of wind, etc. 


1159 


Other. 


1160 


Illusions (as to characteristics) in landscape 




composition. 




Landscape compositions and their compo- 




sitional ELEMENTS. 


1170 


General. 


1172 


General special. 


1173 


Choice of viewpoints. 




Pictorial compositions. 


1174 


General. 


1175 


Elements in their space relations. 


1177 


Enf ramement . 


1178 


Foregrounds. 


1179 


Backgrounds. 


1180 


Planes of distance. 



(Examples.) 
1182 Balanced compositions. Axial arrange- 

ments. 

30 



CLASSIFICATION 

Theory of Landscape Design (continued). 
Landscape composition (continued). 
Pictorial compositions (continued). 
1185 Vistas. 

Cf. 2130 + . 

Objects in landscape composition according 

to their design value. 

1190 General. 

1192 As inclosure. Boundaries and entrances. 

Cf. 1824 + , etc., 3300 + , 4327. 

1194 As surface decoration. 

Cf. 2733, 3217. 3615, 4331. 

1196 As marking points of interest. Accents. 

Cf. 1821, etc., 3425 + , 4335. 

1197 Other. 

As marking points commanding views. Outlooks, etc. 

1199 Other. 

Methods of technical procedure. Profes- 
sional practice. 

1200 General. 

4 

1205 General special. 

Professional conduct and relations. Profes- 
sional reputation. 

1210 General. 

1211 Code of professional ethics. 

1212 Charges. 

1213 Legal relations of the landscape architect. 

Legislation relating to professional prac- 
tice. 
Cf. 700. 

1215 Registration and examinations. 

1216 Relations with special parties. 

1217 Clients. 

1218 Private. 

1219 Public. 

1220 Other practitioners. Cooperation of practi- 

tioners. 
Including cooperation with architects, engineers, etc. 
Cf. NAC 875. 

31 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Methods of technical procedure. Profes- 
sional Practice (continued). 
Relations with special parties (continued). 
Contractors. 

1221 General. 

1221.5 Construction contractors. 

1221.8 Labor. 

1222 Nurserymen. 

1222.5 Other. 

Including gardeners. 

1223 Advertising and publicity. 

1224 Announcements of practitioners. A-Z. 

1225 Competitions. 

For collected material on competitions. Competitions 
on special subjects may be filed by subject. 

1228 Competitive examinations. 

Organization and equipment of office. 

1230 General. 

Including location of office, accommodations required, and 
office management. 

1231 Office force. Draftsmen, etc. 

1232 Field force. Inspectors, etc. 

1233 Field and office equipment. 

1233.1 Furniture. 

1233.2 Instruments. 

Cf. 1251.5. 

1233.3 Special labor-saving devices. 

1233.4 Supplies. 

Including tracing cloth, etc., pencils, etc. 

1233.5 Blank forms. 

Including plant order lists, time cards, etc. 

1234 Accounting systems. 

1235 Filing and arrangement of drawings and other 

material. 

Including correspondence, reports of field force to office, 
' etc., record of office work planned or executed, etc., etc. 

1236 Office reference material. 

Including standard details, records of dimensions, plant 
lists, dealers' catalogues and lists including nursery 
catalogues, books, pamphlets, photographs, etc., etc., 
and indexes to the same. 

1238 Dealers' catalogues and lists. 

32 



CLASSIFICATION 

Methods of technical procedure. Profes- 
sional practice (continued). 
Collection of data. 

1240 General. 

Visits to the ground. 

1241 Topographical maps. Surveying, Photographic 

surveying. 

Includes methods of representing topographical informa- 
tion, hachuring, contouring, designation of cultivation, 
ground cover, etc. Cf. Library of Congress Class TA. 

1242 Sketches. 

1243 Photographs. Photography. 

1244 Aerial photographs. Aerial photography. 

1245 Reports of visits to ground. 

1246 Office procedure in design. 

Presentation of design. 

1250 General. 

Drawings. Drafting. Rendering. Freehand 
drawing. Landscape drawing, painting, 
etc. 

1251 General. 

1251.5 Drawing instruments and materials. Draft- 

ing-room instruments and materials. 

Including planimeters, etc. Cf. 1233.2. 

1252 Drawings for special technical uses. Plans. 
1263 Studies. 

1266 Preliminary plans. 

1270 Perspectives and elevations. 
1272 Elevations and silhouettes. 

1274 Perspectives. 

Including birdseye perspectives, " birdseye 
views." 

1276 General plans. 

1278 Grading and construction plans. Con- 

struction details. 
1282 Profiles and sections. Cross-sections. 

1285 Planting plans. Planting details. 

Cf. 1348, Planting lists. 

Special kinds of presentation, of drafting, 
rendering, etc. 
1288 General. 

33 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Methods of technical procedure. Profes- 
sional practice (continued). 
Presentation of design (continued). 

1289 Drawings. 

1290 Line. 

1291 Pencil. 

1292 Pen and ink. 

1293 Wash. 

1294 Monochrome. 

1295 Color. 

1296 Pastel. Crayon. 

1299 Other. 

Reproductions of drawings. Kinds of 
prints. 

1300 General. 

1301 Direct or contact prints, from original 

or direct-printed translucent negative. 

Blue prints, Van Dyke prints, etc. 

1303 Photographs (by use of lens). 

Including direct prints from such negatives; i. e., 
glass and film negatives, photostat negatives. 

1304 " Black-line " prints. 

Transfer of printer's ink from gelatin surface. 

1305 Photolithographs. 

1307 Line cuts. 

1308 Half-tone cuts. 

1309 Other. Rubbings, etc. 

1310 Lettering. Titles. Alphabets. 

1313 Titles. Cartouches. Legends, notes, etc. 

1315 Graphical scales, Northpoints. Key maps, 

etc. 

Presentation of special landscape forms. 
Representation of landscape forms. 

For representation of topographical information, 
see 1241. 

1320 General. 

1321 Sky. 
1321.1 Water. 

1322 Ground forms, hills, etc. 

1323 Ground surface. 

34 



CLASSIFICATION 





Methods of technical procedure. Profes- 




sional practice (continued). 




Presentation of special landscape forms . . . 




(continued) . 


1324 


Vegetation. 


1325 


Trees. 


1326 


Shrubs. 


1327 


Herbaceous plants. 


1328 


Structures. 


1329 


Buildings and minor structures. Archi- 




tectural forms. 


1330 


Roads, paths, etc. 




Models. 


1331 


General. 


1332 


Special methods of construction. Special ma- 




terials. 


1333 


Models of special landscape forms. 


1334 


Ground forms. 


1335 


Plants. 


1336 


Structures. 




Models of special landscape designs. 


1337 


General. 


1338 


Estates and gardens. 


1339 


Other. 




Written material. Reports, specifications, lists, 




etc. 


1340 


General. 


1342 


Reports to clients. 


1344 


Contracts and specifications. 


1346 


Estimates. Calculations of quantities and 




costs. 




Cf. 1402. 


1348 


Planting lists. 




Cf. 1285. 


1355 


Superintendence of construction and main- 




tenance. 




Cf. 1400 +. 


1356 


Construction. 


1357 


Maintenance. 



35 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Landscape construction and maintenance. 
1400 General. 

See also the subdivision Construction and maintenance 
under Types of landscape designs, 4000 + . 

1402 Cost of construction and maintenance. 

Cf. 1:346. See also the subdivision Cost under Types of 
landscape designs, 4000 + . 

1403 Construction. 

1404 Maintenance. 
Construction. 

(1405) (General). Prefer 1400. 

1406 Tree cutting. Tree protection. 

Cf. 2110, 3925. 

1410 Clearing the ground. Removal of rubbish. 

(1418) (Ditching and drainage.) See 3730 + . 

(1420) (Pipe laying for storm water drainage, subsoil 

drainage, sewer, water, gas.) See 3710. 
(1426) (Conduit laying, for electricity.) See 3710. 

(1429) (Pole line construction, spacing, bracing, clear- 

ance, etc.) See 3718. 
Grading and earthwork. 

Cf. 3225+, 3608. 



1431 


General. 


1432 


Rough grading. 


1433 


Finished grading. 


1434 


Rock cut and fill. Rock excavation. Blasting. 


(1436) 


(Preparation of the soil for planting. Applica- 




tion of fertilizers. Cultivation.) See 1853. 


(1437) 


(Planting.) See 1850 + . 


(1440) 


(Road construction.) See 3610. 


(1445) 


(Masonry construction and foundations. Mas- 




sonry walls, etc. Shore protection.) See 




3000?»3-6, 3250 + . 


(1450) 


(Wooden construction. Wooden fences, etc.) 




See 3000rol. 


1460 


Protection of work from damage. 




Cf. 1406. 


1464 


Other. 




Maintenance. 


1465 


General. 


1466 


General special. 




36 



CLASSIFICATION 

Landscape construction and maintenance 
(continued) . 

1470 Maintenance of special elements. 

1471 Ground forms. 

1472 Water shores. 

1475 Plants. 

Cf. 1S70. 

1476 Tree areas. 

1477 Shrub areas. 

1478 Flower beds. 

1479 Lawns. 

1480 Structures. 

1481 Buildings and minor structures. 
1483 Roads, paths, etc. 

Maintenance of special types of landscape de- 
signs, according to use. 
1485 General. 

(1490) (Special types.) See the special Types, e.g., 

Estates, etc. 
(1495) (Management. Estate management. Farm 

management, etc.) See the special Types, 
e. g., Estate management, Farm manage- 
ment, Park administration, etc. 

Elements and materials in landscape and land- 
scape DESIGN. 
1500 General. Collective. 
1540 Atmosphere, sky, clouds, etc. 

Cf. 1156. 

1550 Sky, clouds, etc. 

Ground forms. Natural forms of ground, 
rock, and water. 
1600 General. 

1602 General special. 

1605 Design. 

For Ground forms as motiving planting and structures, 
prefer 1836, 3050. 

1608 Economic considerations. 

1610 Composition. (Esthetic.) 

1625 Character of ground forms. 

Cf. 1050, Landscape character. 

37 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Ground forms, rock, water (continued). 
1640 Geologic origin of ground forms. Geology, 

etc. 

Cf. 1852.1. For construction, cf. 1431 +, 3225 + . 

1650 Special forms and units, according to nat- 

ural CHARACTER. 
Waterbodies and their shores. 
1655 General. 

1658 General special. 

1660 Water in landscape. 

Compositional value, reflections, etc. 

1665 Shore protection. 

Cf. 3250 + . 

1670 Sea and seashore. 

Cf. 6205 +, 6655. . 

1680 Lakes, ponds, and their shores. 

Cf. 6210+, 6660. 

1684 Lakes. 

1686 Ponds. 

1690 Streams and stream banks. 

Cf. 6215 + , 6665. 

1692 Rivers. 

1693 Naturalistic canals. 

1694 Brooks. 
1696 Waterfalls. 

Cf. 3450,Cascades (artificial). 

1700 Types of shores. 

1701 Shore outlines. Bays, promontories, etc. 

1702 Beaches. 

1703 Sand. 

Cf. 6631. 

1704 Gravel. Shingle. 

1705 Boulder. 

1707 Rock and cliff shores. 

1709 Marshy, sedgy shores. 

1710 Islands. 
1720 Marshes. 

1724 Salt. Tidal marshes. 

1726 Fresh. 

38 






CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 

Ground forms, rock, water (continued). 

1740 Plains. Plateaus. 

1750 Valleys. 

1760 Hills and mountains. 

Cf. 6230 + . 



1764 


Hills. 


1765 


Sand dunes. 


1766 


Mountains. 




Rocks. Rocky cliffs, ledges, caves, etc 


1770 


General. 


1771 


Boulders. 


1772 


Rock outcrop. 


1773 


Ledges. 


1774 


Cliffs. 


1775 


Artificial rockwork. 


1780 


Naturalistic banks and slopes. 




Cf. 3225+, 3608. 


1782 


Boulder banks. 


1784 


Earth slopes. 


1785 


Minor modulations of ground surface. 


1790 


Other. 



Plants. Vegetation. 

For convenience in a minute classification of information 
relating to plants, the sections on Trees, Shrubs, and Her- 
baceous plants have been constructed to correspond as far 
as possible to the topics used under Plants, three hundred 
numbers having been assigned to each section, and the last 
two figures of the Classification numbers in nearly all 
cases being the same for the same topic as applied either 
to Plants or to Trees, etc.; c. g., 1824, Mixed border plan- 
tations, 2424, Shrub borders; 1905, 2205, 2505, 2805, 
Foliage. If a less minute classification is desired, the user 
may discard many of the subtopics under Trees, Shrubs, 
etc., and concentrate his descriptive material in 1875-2069. 
Cross references have not been given in the text for these 
repeated descriptive topics. See Index under Plants. 

Outline of subdivisions as applied to Plants in gen- 
eral, AND SIMILARLY TO TREES, SHRUBS AND 

Herbaceous plants. 
General. 

Design. Planting design. Plantations. 
Planting and culture. 

Description. Plants as materials of landscape design. 
General. Collective. 

(Plants) of special countries. Geographical arrange- 
ment. 
Systematic arrangement, according to Bailey's Cy- 
clopedia of Horticulture (Decimal subdivisions). 

39 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Elements ..." in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plants. Vegetation (continued). 

Special groups (e. g., Vines, Bulbs, etc.)- Use espe- 
cially for herbaceous plants, both grouped and 
monographs, preferring systematic arrangement 
for trees and shrubs, including monographs, un- 
less particularly otherwise grouped. 

According to characteristics (form, color, etc.). 

According to fitness for certain environments and 
requirements. 

According to fitness for certain uses. 

1800 General. 

Including dictionaries, such as Bailey's Cyclopedia of 
Horticulture. 

Design. Planting design. Plantations. 

1805 General. 

1806 Theory of planting design. 

1808 Economic considerations. 

Cf. 2030 + . 

1810 Composition. (Esthetic.) 

1816 Style and character in planting design. 

1818 Formal. 

1819 Naturalistic. 

1820 Examples of plantations. 

Composed of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, 
or any mixed plantations not to be classified under 
trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants. 

1821 Plantations of specimens. 

Cf. 2121, 2421. 

1822 Topiary work. 

1823 Tree and shrub groups. Clumps. 

Cf. 2123, 2423. 

1824 Border plantations. Boundary planta- 

tions. Inclosing plantations. 
Cf. 2124, 2424, 2724. 

1825 Screen plantations. 

1827 Hedges, hedgerows, edgings, etc. 

General. Cf. 2127, 2427, 2727. 

1834 Plantations in relation to other elements. 

Including seasonal effects in plantations. The 
subdivisions suggested here may be used; or, for 
very exact classification, the numbers 1835 and 
1840 may be followed by c and the classification 
number of the element as it appears in the 
full scheme, e. g., Planting in relation to fences, 
1840c3340. 

40 



CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Planting design (continued). 

Plantations in relation to : (continued) . 

1835 Ground forms, including water. Plant- 

ing in relation to topography. 

1836 Ground forms. Hills, valleys, slopes, 

etc. 

1838 Water. Shore planting. Waterside 

planting. Water planting. 

Cf. 1996 and 1997, 4354, 4442. 

1839 Seashore planting. 

Cf. 2000, 2011, etc., 4355. 

1840 Structures. 

1841 Buildings. 

1843 Walls, fences, gates, steps, etc. 

1845 Minor accessory structures. 

1847 Bridges. 

1848 Roads, paths. Roadside planting. 
(1849) (Planting of types of landscape designs.) 

With cross-classification by type. In general, it is 
better to put planting design of Gardens with Gar- 
dens — Design; of Estates, with Estates — Design, 
etc. 

Planting and culture. Horticulture. 

Cf. Library of Coneress Class SB. 



1850 


General. 

Plant environment. 




1851 


General. 




1851.1 


Climate. 






Latitude, altitude, humidity, rainfall, 


sun and 




shade, winds, temperature. 




1851.5 


Planting seasons. 
Soil. 




1852 


General. 




1852.1 


Origin. Geology. 
Cf. 1640. 




1852.2 


Character. Analysis. 




1852.3 


Physical. 




1852.4 


Chemical. 




1852.5 


Soil bacteria. 




1852.6 


Soil for special crops. 




1852.7 


Soil surveys. 
41 





LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Elements 


... IN LANDSCAPE . . . (contifll 


1853 


Plant 


culture {continued). 
Methods of soil improvement. 


1853.1 




Fertilizers. 


1853.2 




Manures. 


1853.3 




Chemicals. 


1853.4 




Compost. 


1853.5 




Green manures. 


1853.6 




Cultivation and tillage. 


1853.7 




Preparation for special crops 


1853.8 




Rotation of crops. 


1854 




Drainage and sub-irrigation. 

Cf. 3745-3753. 






1854.1 Watering. Irrigation. Sprinkling. 

Lawn sprinkling. 
Plant origin and growth. 
1855 General. 

Character and manner. Cf. 1933, etc. 

1855.2 Pollination. 

1855.3 Seed dispersal. 

1855.4 Germination. 
Horticultural processes. 

1860 General. 

1860.1 Propagation. Seedage, division, layering, 

cutting, grafting, budding, etc. 

1860.2 Hybridization and selection. Plant breed- 

ing. 

1861 Planting and transplanting. Tree moving. 

1862 Pruning and training, staking. 

1862.1 Acclimatization. Plant introduction. 

1862.2 Digging and packing. Cold storage. Ship- 

ment and handling. 

1862.3 Protection. Winter protection. 

1863 Tree repair. Mechanical injuries. 

Cf. 2020, etc. 

1864 Greenhouses, hot beds and cold frames, 

pits. Forcing. 

Cf. 3140, 3145. 
42 



CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plant culture (continued). 
Plant diseases and pests. 
1865 General. 

Including diseases and pests of Trees, Shrubs, Her- 
baceous plants, Vegetable gardens, etc. Cf. 2020 +, etc. 

Control. 



1865.1 


Preventives and remedies. G 


1865.4 


Plant quarantine. 




Diseases. 


1866 


General. 


1866.1 


Special types. 


1866.2 


Fungous. 




Cf. 2022, etc. 


1866.3 


Surface. 


1866.4 


Internal. 


1866.5 


Physiological. 


1866.8 


Preventives and remedies. 




Pests. Insect pests. 


1867 


General. 




Cf. 2021, etc. 


1867.1 


Susceptibility. Immunity. 


1867.2 


Special types of insect pests 


1867.3 


Leaf eaters. 


1867.4 


Sap suckers. 


1867.5 


Scales. 


1867.6 


Borers. 


1867.7 


Galls. 


1867.8 


Other. 


1867.9 


Other types of pests. 




E. g., mice, etc. 


1868 


Preventives and remedies. 


1868.1 


Methods. 




Spraying, etc. 


1868.2 


Machinery and materials, 


1868.3 


Parasites. 


1870 


Plantations: development, main 



Control. 



Control. 



General only. For care of special planta- 
tions, see the names of the plantations, 
e.g., Lawns; Gardens, Rock; etc. 

Cf. 1475. 
43 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plant culture (continued). 

1871 Nurseries. 

Horticultural tools and implements. Equip- 
ment. 

1872 General. 

1872.1 For special purposes. 

1872.2 Tillage. 

1872.3 Cultivation and maintenance. 

Including lawn mowers, pruning tools, etc. 

1872.4 Transportation. 
1872.9 Other. 

1873 Plant labels. 

(1874) (Plant names. Plant nomenclature.) See 

1876. 

Description. Plants as materials of land- 
scape AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN. 

1875 General. Collective. 

1876 Plant names. Plant nomenclature. Codes 

of plant names. 

Discussions of form of plant names, etc. 

1877 Plants of special countries, states, cities, lo- 

calities. Geographical arrangement. 

Use Geographical Table with g. 

1878 Systematic arrangement, according to Bai- 

ley's Cyclopedia of Horticulture. 

Use as decimals. 

1880 Special groups. 

1885 Vines. Climbers. Creepers. 

1890 Association groups. 

Put here plants grouped from points of view not 
classifiable elsewhere, e. g., plants mentioned by 
Shakespeare, plants of the colonial garden, plants 
associated with persons, etc. 

1895 Plant curiosities. " Freak " plants. 

1900 According to characteristics. 

1902 Tabulations and plant lists. " Planting 

tables." 
1905 Foliage. 

Including " foliage plants." 
44 



CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plant description (continued). 

According to characteristics (continued). 



1900 


Persistence. 




1907 


Evergreen. 

Evergreens. 




1908 


Narrow-leaved. 




1909 


Broad-leaved. 




1910 


Deciduous. 




1914 
1916 


Form of leaves. 
Texture. 

E. g., shiny, rough. 




1917 


Color. 




1918 


Seasonal color. 

Subdivide if desired with abbreviations 
Su., A., W. See note under 1157. 


Sp., 



1920 Flower. 

Including Flowering plants. If further subdivision is 
necessary, the four succeeding numbers may be used 
respectively for Form, Color, Time of bloom, Scent. 

1925 Fruit. 

If further subdivision is necessary, the four succeed- 
ing numbers may be used respectively for Form, 
Color, Time of maturing, Edibility. 



1930 


Bark. 


1933 


Rate of growth. 


1935 


Form. Size. Shape. Habit of grow 


1937 


Natural. 


1838 


Special shapes. 




Pyramidal, spherical, etc. 


(1947) 


(Vines, climbers.) See 1885. 


1954 


Modified. 


(1955) 


(Topiary work.) See 1822. 


1960 


Texture. 




Form and arrangement of leaves. Cf. 1905 + . 



1965 Color. 

General only. For color of foliage, flower, etc., see 
1917, 1920 + , 1925+. 

1970 Scent. 

Scented plants. Cf. note under 1920. 

1975 Seasonal appearance. 

Cf. 1918. 

45 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 





Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 




Plant description (continued). 




Seasonal appearance (continued). 


1976 


Spring. 


1977 


Summer. 


1978 


Autumn. 


1979 


Winter. 


1980 


According to fitness or unfitness for certain 




environments and requirements. 


1981 


Climate. Temperature. 


1982 


Tropical. 


1983 


Subtropical. 


1984 


Temperate. 


1985 


Arctic. 


1986 


Sun and shade. 


1987 


Sun. 


1988 


Shade. 


1990 


Soil and physical conditions. 


1991 


Moisture contents. 


1992 


Arid and desert. 


1993 


Irrigated. 


1994 


Dry sunny fields. 


1994.5 


Dry woods. 


1995 


Rich moist woods. 


1996 


Bog and marsh. Stagnant or springy. 


1997 


Aquatic. Running or still water. 




Cf. 2792. 


1998 


Physical conditions. 


1999 


Sand. 


2000 


Sea beach. 




Cf. 2011. 


2001 


Heavy clay. 


2002 


Intensive cultivation. 


2003 


Alpine. 


2003.1 


Prairie. 


2004 


Chemical characteristics. 


2005 


Acid. 


2006 


Alkaline. 


2007 


Humous. 


2008 


Limestone. 




46 



CLASSIFICATION 



2009 
2010 
2011 


Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plant description (continued '). 
According to . . . environments . . . (continued). 
Volcanic. 
Exposure. 
Salt spray. 

Cf. 2000. 


2013 
2015 
2020 


Wind. 
Air. Dust. Smoke. Gases. 
Relation to disease, injury, insect and 

fungous attack. 

Cf. 1865 + . 


2021 
2022 
2030 

2035 


Insect. 
Fungous. 
According to fitness or unfitness for certain 
uses. 
Specimens. 

Cf. 1821, 2121, 2421. 


2038 
2040 


Tub plants. Pot plants for ornamental 

outdoor use. 
Window box plants. 

Cf. 2795. 


2042 


Greenhouse and house plants. 
Cf. 2796. 


2045 


Plants suitable for street planting. 
Cf. 2345. 


2048 


Plants suitable for naturalizing. 
Cf. 2789, 4439. 


2050 


Ground cover. Soil binders. 

Cf. 2350, 2650, 2950. 


2055 


Hedges and windbreaks. 

Cf. 1824 +, 2124 + ,2424 + . 


2057 


Industrial crops. 
E. g., basket willows. 


2059 


Bird-attracting plants. 
Cf. 1925, etc. 


2060 


Bee-attracting plants. 

Cf. 1920, etc. 


2067 


Medicinal plants. 
47 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plant description (continued). 
According to . . . uses (continued) . 
20G9 Plant nuisances. Poisonous plants. Dan- 

gerous plants. 



Cf. 2969. 



Trees. 
2100 General 






In classifying photographs of trees for ready reference 
when making drawings of Trees, it may be found useful 
to insert the following topics: 

2101 — Nearby foliage and foliage details. 
2101.5 — Flower details. 

2102 — Trunks. 

2103 — Distant Trees. 

Design. Arrangement of trees. Tree plan- 
tations. 
2105 General. 

2110 General special. 

E. g., thinning, effect of grazing line, effects from use 
of large trees moved in, etc. 

2120 Examples of tree plantations. 

2121 Specimen trees. 

Cf. 1821. 

(2122) (Topiary work.) See 1822. 

2123 Tree groups. Clumps. 

Cf. 1823. 

2124 Border and screen plantations of trees. 

Cf. 1824. 



2127 


Hedges. 




Cf. 1827 


2130 


Allees. Avenues of trees. 


2131 


Clipped. 


2133 


Pleached alleys. 


2135 


Espalier trees. Trained fruit trees. 


2140 


Orchards. 


2145 


Woodlands. Bosquets. Wood interiors 




For naturalistic woodlands prefer 3925. 


2150 


Planting and culture. Arboriculture. 




Cf. 1850, Horticulture. 




Description. 


2175 


General. Collective. 




48 



CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plants (continued). 
Trees (continued). 

2177 Trees of special countries. Geographical 

arrangement. 

See note under 1877. 

2178 Systematic arrangement, according to 

Bailey. 

Let attract. Put monographs here. 

(2180) (Special groups). 

2200 According to characteristics. 

2202 Tabulations and lists of trees. " Plant- 

ing tables." 
2205 Foliage. 

Put here discussions of characteristic shade- 
casting qualities. 



2206 


Persistence of leaves. 


2207 


Evergreen. 


2208 


Narrow-leaved. Evergreen coni- 




fers. 


2209 


Broad-leaved. 


2210 


Deciduous. 


2214 


Form of leaves. 


2216 


Texture. 


2217 


Color. 


2218 


Seasonal color. 




See note under 1918. 


2220 


Flower. 




See note under 1920. 



2225 Fruit. 

General discussions of fruit trees may go here. 
See also note under 1925. 



2230 


Bark. 


2233 


Rate of growth. 


2235 


Size. Height. 


2236 


Form. Shape. Habit. 


2260 


Texture (form and arrangement of leaves) 




Cf. 2205 + . 


2265 


Color. 




In distance. Color effect. Cf, 2217. 




49 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plants (continued). 
Trees (continued). 



2270 


Scent. 


2275 


Seasonal appearance. 




Cf. 2218. 


2276 


Spring. 


2277 


Summer. 


2278 


Autumn. 


2279 


Winter. 


2280 


According to fitness or unfitness for certain 




environments and requirements. 


2281 


Climate. Temperature. 




Use same subdivisions as 1981 +. 


2285 


Sun and shade. 


2290 


Soil and physical conditions. 




Use same subdivisions as 1990-2009. 


2291 


Moisture contents. 


2298 


Physical conditions. 


2304 


Chemical characteristics. 


2310 


Exposure. 


2311 


Salt spray. 


2313 


Wind. 


2315 


Air. Dust. Smoke. Gases. 


2320 


Relation to disease, injury, insect and 




fungous attack. 




Cf. 1865 + . 


2321 


Insect. 


2322 


Fungous. 


2330 


According to fitness or unfitness for certain 




uses. 




Trees for uses not covered above. 


(2335) 


(Specimens.) See 2121. 


(2338) 


(Tub trees.) See 2038. 


2340 


Shade trees. 


2345 


Street trees. 



Cf. NAC 4885. 

2350 Forest trees. 

Cf. 6126 +, and Library of Congress Class SD. 
50 



CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plants (continued). 

Shrubs, including shrubby vines and arbores- 
cent plants. 
2400 General. Collective. 

Design. Arrangement of shrubs. Shrub 
plantations. 



2405 
2410 
2420 
2421 


General. 

General special. 

Examples of shrub plantations. 

" Specimen " shrubs. 
Cf. 1821. 


(2422) 
2423 


(Topiary.) See 1822. 

Shrub groups. Clumps. Shrub beds. 

Cf. 1823. 


2424 


Border plantations. 

Cf. 1824. 


2427 


Hedges. 

Cf. 1827. 


2429 


Edgings. 

Cf. 1829. 


(2450) 

2475 

2477 


(Planting and culture.) See 1850, 2150. 
Description. 

General. 

Shrubs of special countries. Geographical 
arrangement. 

See note under 1877. 


2478 


Systematic arrangement, according to 
Bailey. 

Put monographs here. 


(2480) 
2485 


(Special groups.) 
Shrubby vines. 

Cf. 1885. 


2486 


Garden roses. 

Cf. 4418. 


2500 
2502 


According to characteristics. 
Tabulations and lists of shrubs." Plant- 
ing tables." 




51 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plants (continued). 
Shrubs (continued). 

2505 Foliage. 

2506 Persistence of leaves. 

2507 Evergreen. 

2508 Narrow-leaved. Conifers. 

2509 Broad-leaved. 

2510 Deciduous. 
2514 Form of leaves. 

2516 Texture. 

2517 Color. 

2518 Seasonal foliage. 

See note under 1918. 

2520 Flower. 

See note under 1920. 

2525 Fruit. 

See note under 1925. 

2530 Bark. 

2533 Rate of growth. 

2535 Size. Height. 

2536 Form. Shape. Habit. 
(2547) (Vines.) See 2485. 

2560 Texture. (Form and arrangement of 

leaves.) 
Cf. 2505 + . 

2565 Color. 

Cf. 2517. 

2570 Scent. 

2575 Seasonal appearance. 

Cf. 2518. 

2576 Spring. 

2577 Summer. 

2578 Autumn. 

2579 Winter. 

2580 According to fitness or unfitness for certain 

environments and requirements. 

2581 Climate. Temperature. 

Use same subdivisions as 1981 +. 

52 



CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plants (continued). 
Shrubs (continued). 
According to . . . environments (continued). 



2585 


Sun and shade. 


2590 


Soil and physical conditions. 

Use same subdivisions as 1990-200!). 


2591 


Moisture contents. 


2598 
2604 


Physical conditions. 
Chemical characteristics. 


2610 
2611 
2613 


Exposure. 
Salt spray. 
Wind. 


2615 


Air. Dust. Smoke. Gases. 


2620 


Relation to disease, injury, insect and 




fungous attack. 
Cf. 1865+. 


2621 


Insect. 


2622 


Fungous. 


2630 


According to fitness or unfitness for certain 




uses. 

Shrubs for uses not covered above. 


2635 

(2638) 

2650 


(" Specimens.") See 2421. 
(Tub plants.) See 2038. 
Ground cover. 



Herbaceous plants, including herbaceous 
vines. 
2700 General. 

Design. Arrangement of herbaceous plants. 
Herbaceous plantations. 
2705 General. 

2710 General special. 

2720 Examples of herbaceous plantations. 

Use 2720 for two or more of the topics given 
below, e. g., Herbaceous beds and borders. 

2724 Borders. Herbaceous borders. 

Cf. 1824. 



2729 Edgings. 

Cf. 1829. 



53 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plants (continued). 

Herbaceous plants (continued). 

Examples of herbaceous plantations (cont.). 
2731 Flower beds. Herbaceous beds. 

2733 Carpet beds. Carpet bedding. 

Cf. 3217. 

2735 Lawns. 

Term used here in sense of design-unit, — area 
covered with turf. Cf. 2788. 

2736 Turf panels. 

(2741) (Wild gardens.) See 2789 or 4439, ex- 

cept for photographs. 

2750 Planting and culture. Floriculture. 

Cf. 1850. 

Description. 
2775 General. 

2777 Plants of special countries. Geographical 

arrangement. 

See note under 1877. 

(2778) (Systematic arrangement, according to 

Bailey.) 

2780 Special groups. 

Put monographs here, alphabetically under each 
group. For Gardens composed of special groups 
of herbaceous plants, see 4430 + . 

2781 Annuals. 

Cf. 4431. 

2782 Biennials. 

2783 Perennials. Border Perennials. Peren- 

nials not otherwise included, etc. 
Cf. 4433. 

2785 Herbaceous vines. 

Cf. 1885. 

2787 Bulbs. 

Including lilium, gladiolus, dahlia, etc. Cf. 4437. 

2788 Grasses. 

Including lawn grasses. 

2789 ' Native and naturalized plants. 

" Wild flowers," " wild gardening." Cf. 2048, 
4439. 

54 



CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plants (continued). 

Herbaceous plants (continued). 
Description (continued). 



2790 


Ferns. 


2790.5 


Mosses, lichens, etc. 


2791 


Rock and alpine plants, Wall plants. 




Cf. 4441. 


2792 


Water plants. 




Bog and marsh plants go in 2896. Cf. 4442. 


2793 


Cut-flower plants. 




Cf. 4525. 


2794 


Bedding plants. 




Cf. 2733, 4444. 


2795 


Window box plants. 




Cf. 2040. 


2796 


Greenhouse (Hothouse) plants. 




Cf. 2042. 


2797 


House plants. 




Cf. 2042. 


2798 


Sweet herbs. 




Cf. 2870, 4448. 


2799 


Vegetables, including decorative use. 




Let 4525, Vegetable gardens, attract. 


2800 


According to characteristics. 


2802 


Tabulations and lists of herbaceous 




plants. Plant lists. " Planting tables." 


2805 


Foliage. 


2814 


Form. 


2816 


Texture. 


2817 


Color. 


2820 


Flower. 


2821 


Form. 


2822 


Color. 


2823 


Time of bloom. 


2824 


Scent. 


2833 


Rate of growth. 


2835 


Size. Height. Form. Shape. Habit. 


(2847) 


(Vines.) See 2785. 




55 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plants (continued). 

Herbaceous plants (continued.) 
Description (continued) . 
2860 Texture. (Form and arrangement of 

flowers and leaves.) 

Cf. 2805 + . 

2865 Color. 

Cf. 2814, 2821. 

2870 Scent. 

Cf. 2824. 

2875 Seasonal appearance. 

2876 Spring. 

2877 Summer. 

2878 Autumn. 

2879 Winter (for southern climates). 

2880 According to fitness or unfitness for certain 

environments and requirements. 

2881 Climate. Temperature. 

Use same subdivisions as 1981 +. 



2886 


Sun and shade. 


2890 


Soil. 




Use same subdivisions as 1990-2009. 


2891 


Moisture contents. 




For bog gardens, cf. 4443. 


2898 


Physical conditions. 


2904 


Chemical characteristics. 


2910 


Exposure. 


2911 


Salt spray. 


2913 


Wind. 


2915 


Air. Dust. Smoke. Gases. 


2920 


Relation to disease, injury, insect and 




fungous attack. 




Cf. 1865 + . 


2921 


Insect. 


2922 


Fungous. 


2930 


According to fitness or unfitness for certain 




uses. See also Special groups, 2780- 




2799. 




56 



CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Plants (continued). 

Herbaceous plants (continued). 

According to . . . uses (continued). 
2950 Ground cover. 

Cf. 2050. 

2969 Weeds. 

Cf. 2009. 

Structures, in landscape. 
3000 General. Collective. 

Special materials of construction. 

To be used in any subdivision of structures desired as 
subarrangement with m. Note special adaptation of 
this table for use under 3610, Roads, etc. For Earth, 
see 1431 +, 1784, 3225+, and 3610ro8.5. 

3000ml Wood. 

ml.5 Rustic. 

ml. 8 Thatch. 

ml Stucco on wood or metal lath or brick or tile. 

mZ Masonry. 

mA Brick. 

mb Stone. 

ra6 Concrete. Cement concrete. Reinforced 

concrete. 
ml Terra cotta. Pottery. Tiles. Tesselated 

work. Mosaic. 

Bronzework. 



mS 


Metal. Ironwork. Leadwork. 


m\) 


Other. 




Combinations, etc. Turf. 


3005 


Design. 


3008 


Economic considerations. 


3010 


Composition. (Esthetic.) 


3025 


Styles and character. 


3040 


Construction and maintenance 



Buildings for residence and other major 

USES. 

3050 General. 

Buildings in landscape compositions. Considerations 
of site. Adaptation to topography, etc. 

3054 Building groups. 

3054.5 Residential building groups. 

57 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Structures (contimied) . 
3055 Special buildings. 

Cf. Library of Congress Class NA, Architecture. 
In general, buildings will be adequately cared for by 
Type of landscape designs, according to use, 4000 + , 
where they appear in connection with their grounds, 
or as general illustrations of Location, Adaptation 
to topography, etc. The quantity of material on 
" The House " makes it worth while here to assign 
that topic a special number. 



3060 


Residences. Houses. 

Cf. 4905.1 


House location 


3062 


Small houses. 




3064 


Suburban houses. 




3066 


Country houses. 




3090 


Other. 





Service buildings and other service struc- 
tures. 

Cf. 6036, etc., and N AC 3568, 3670 +. 

3100 General. Collective. 

3105 Farm buildings. 

Stables and stable yards, barns and barnyards, 
sheep-folds, piggeries, henhouses, ice-houses, etc. 

3115 Dovecotes, bird-houses, etc. 

Cf. 5765. 



3117 


Apiaries, beehives. 


3120 


Windmills, water-towers, etc. 


3125 


Gate-lodges. 


3130 


Garages and garage yards. 


3132 


Service yards. 


3134 


Laundry yards. 


3138 


Gardener's yards. Compost yards. 


3140 


Greenhouses. Plant windows. Conserva- 




tories. Hothouses. Potting sheds. 




Cf. 1864. 


3145 


Hot beds and cold frames. 




Cf. 1864. 


3149 


Other. 



Including public comfort stations in parks, etc. Cf. 
6036. 

58 



CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in Landscape . . . (continued). 
3150 Pleasure buildings and other pleasure 

structures. 
3153 Outlook towers, gazebos, pagodas, etc. 

3155 Pavilions, shelters, etc. 

Including casini, tempietti, garden temples, tea houses, 
" summer houses," garden houses, " ruins " in Ro- 
mantic landscape designs, etc., etc. 

3157 Playhouses. 

3159 Bandstands. 

3160 Pergolas, arbors, etc. 

3164 Decorative colonnades, free-standing. 

3170 Boat-houses. 

3171 Boat-landings. 

3172 Bath-houses. 

Cf. 3449, 6532, 6637. 

3180 Orangeries. Stanzoni. 

3185 Grottoes. 

3190 Mazes, labyrinths, etc. 

3195 Garden theaters. 

3198 Amphitheaters. Music courts. Outdoor 

theaters. Stadiums. 

3205 Tennis courts. 

Cf. 6590. 



3208 


Croquet lawns. Roque courts. 
Cf. 6592. 


3211 


Bowling greens. 

Cf. 6592. 


3212 


Archery lawns. 
Cf. 6592. 


3217 


Parterres. 




Cf. 2733, 2734. 


3219 


Other. 




Terraces, embankments, and 




SHORE TREATMENT. 


3225 


General. 




Cf. 3331, 3631. 




Terraces, etc. 


3230 


General. 


3232 


Terraces. 


3234 


House terraces. 




59 



STRUCTURAL 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Terraces, embankments, etc. (continued). ' 
3240 Sunk panels. 

3243 Mounts (as in Tudor gardens). 

3245 Embankments. 

Structural shore treatment. Shore embank- 
ments. 
Cf. 1665. 

3250 General. 

3255 Piling. Bulkheads, e'.c. 

(3260) (Retaining walls.) See 3332. 

3263 Groynes. 

3265 Rip rap. 

Walls, fences, gates, steps, etc. 

The subject Steps has been put here rather than with 
Ways, since it has been found that most of the material 
treats steps primarily as architectural structures. Pho- 
tographs go much better here. Cf., however, (3648). 



3300 


General. 




Special materials. 


3300ml 


Wood. 


ml.2 


Rail. 


ml. 3 


Lattice. Latticework. 




Cf. 3430ml. 3. 


ml. 5 


Rustic. 


m2 


Stucco on lath. Stucco on brick or tile 


m3 


Masonry. Stone, brick, etc. 


m6 


Concrete. 


ml 


Terra cotta. 


m8 


Metal. 


m9 


Combinations. 


3310 


Special uses. 


3311 


Parapets. 




Cf. 3315 + . 


3314 


Details. 


3315 


Balustrades. 


3316 


Railings. 


3316.5 


Grilles. 


3317 


Copings. 



60 



CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Walls, fences, gates, steps, etc. (continued). 

3318 Posts and post-finials. 

3319 Niches. 





Walls. 




Cf. 4441. 


3320 


General. 




Special materials and constructions. 


3320m2 


Stucco on brick, tile, wire lath, etc 


m4 


Brick. 


m5 


Stone. 


m6 


Concrete. 


m9 


Combinations. 


3330 


Special uses. 


3331 


Retaining walls. 




Cf. 3225 + . 


3332 


Sea walls. Shore protection reti 




walls. 


3335 


Foundation walls. 




Fences. 


3340 


General. 




Special materials. 


3340ml 


Wood. 


ml. 5 


Rustic . 


w8 


Metal. 


m8.2 


Wire. 


m9 


Combinations. 




Including garlands between posts, etc. 


3345 


Special uses. 


3346 


Sunk fences . ' ' Ha-has . ' ' 


3348 


Back stops, for tennis courts, etc. 




Cf. 3205, 6590, etc. 




Gates and gateways. 


3350 


General. 




Special materials. 


3350ml 


Wood. 


ml 


Stucco on brick, lath, etc. 


m3 


Masonry. 


m4 


Brick. 




61 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Elements ... in landscape . . . {continued). 
Walls, fences, gates, steps, etc. (continued). 
Gates and gateways (continued). 
Special materials (continued). 
ra5 Stone. 

mQ Concrete. 

mS Metal. 

to9 Combinations. 

3360 Special uses. 

3361 Entrance gates and gateways. 

3362 Garden gates. 

Cf. 3472. 

Lych 



3363 


Covered gates and gateways 




gates. 


3370 


Stiles. 


3373 


Turnstiles. 




Steps, ramps, perrons, etc. 




Cf. (3648). 


3375 


General. 


3376 


General special. 


3377 


Steps in relation to traffic. 




Sizes, etc. 


3378 


Steps as architectural elements. 




Special materials. 


3380ml 


Wood. 


?»4 


Brick. 


m5 


Stone. 


to6 


Concrete. 


m9 


Combinations. Turf. 


3390 


Special forms of steps. 


3393 


Special forms of slope steps. Pen 


3395 


Special forms of ramps. 




Cf. 3451, Water ramps. 




Minor accessory structures. 


3400 


General. 


3405 


Primarily for service purposes. 



Service 
accessories. 

Cf. 3700 + , subtopics: Details. 

3418 Hitching posts, mounting blocks, etc. 

62 



CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Minor accessory structures (continued). 
Primarily for service purposes (continued). 
3419 Drinking fountains, watering troughs. 

Cf. (3447.1). 



3420 


Tree guards, tree gratings 


3421 


Lawn guards. 


3424 


Other. 



Primarily for ornamental and pleasure 
purposes. " Garden furniture." 
3425 General. 

For printed matter, let 3425 attract over 3000 even 
if a book has a few pergolas and fences in it. 

3428 General special. 

Details of design, e. g.,- Pedestals. 



3430 


Special materials. 


3430ml 


Wood. 


ml. 3 


Lattices, trellises, treillage, etc. 


ra3 


Stone. Concrete. Terra cotta, etc 


mi 


Brick. 


mh 


Stone. 


niQ 


Concrete. 


ml 


Terra cotta. Pottery. 




Garden pottery. 


mS 


Metal. 


to9 


Other. 



3440 Monuments. 

Commemorative structures which are not statuary, 
fountains, etc., or collective material, including 
statuary, etc. Cf. 5916. 

Fountains, pools, basins, cascades, aque- 
ducts. Architectural and sculptural 
water features. " Ornamental water." 

3445 General. 

3446 Fountains. Water jets. 

3447 Wall fountains. 

(3447.1) (Drinking fountains.) See 3419. 

63 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Minor accessory structures (continued). ' 
Primarily for ornamental and pleasure 
purposes (continued) . 
Fountains, pools, basins, etc. (continued). 

3448 Pools, basins, garden canals (if simply 

elongated basins), " fish ponds," etc. 
Cf. 1686. 

3449 Swimming pools. 

3450 Cascades. 

Artificial. Cf. 1696. 

3451 Water ramps. 

3452 Garden aqueducts. 

Monumental aqueducts would be classified under 
Bridges, 3500 + . 

3455 Well-heads. 

3458 Bird-baths. 

3460 Statuary, etc. 

3461 Allegorical statuary. 

3462 Human figures. 

3463 Hermae. 

3464 Animals. 

3465 Urns, vases, etc., ornamental plant pots, 

and boxes. 

3466 For herbaceous plants. Flower pots and 

boxes. Window boxes. 
Cf 2040, 2795. 

3467 For trees and shrubs. Tree boxes, pots, 

etc. 

C. 2038. 

3468 Lanterns. 

E. g., Japanese. 

3469 Gazing globes. 

3470 Sundials. 
3472 Garden arches. 

(3475) (Trellises, treillage, decorative lattice work.) 

See 3430ml. 3. 
3480 Outdoor seats, tables, etc. 

Cf. 6037, etc. 

3482 Seats, benches, etc. 

3484 Exedrae. 

3486 Tables, etc. 

64 



CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 

3490 Canals, Moats, etc. 

3491 Canals. 

Cf. Naturalistic canals classified under Rivers, 1693, 
and Garden canals, 3448, 3452. 



3492 


Moats. 


3495 


Dams. 




Bridges. 


3500 


General. 




Special materials. 


3500wl 


Wood. 


ml. 5 


Rustic. 


mZ 


Masonry, etc. 


m4k 


Brick. 


mb 


Stone. 


w6 


Concrete. Reinforced concrete. 


m8 


Metal. 


m9 


Combinations. 


3505 


Design. 


3510 


Construction and maintenance. 


3515 


Special forms. 

Following Library of Congress Classification, 
subtopics occur as follows : — 


3516 
3517 

3518 
3519 

3520 
3521 
3522 
3523 

3524 


Arches and arched bridges. 

Beams and girders. 

Trestles. 

Trussed bridges. 

Cantilever. 

Tubular. 

Suspension. 

Draw. 

Other. 


3525 


Special uses. 


3526 


Road. 


3527 


Foot. 


3529 


Railroad. 


3534 


Other. 




Tunnels. 


3550 


General. 


3556 


Road tunnels. 


3557 


Foot. 


3559 


Railroad. 


3564 


Other. 




65 



where 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Elements ... in landscape . . . {continued). 
Roads, paths, etc. Ways. 

Cf. NAC 2050 +, and Library of Congress Class TE. 

3600 General. 

3601 General special. 
Design. 

Cf. 570. 

3602 General. 

3603 Topographical considerations. 

Adaptation to topography in location, form, and 
gradient. 

3604 Traffic considerations. 

Adaptation to traffic in form, width, and surface. 

3605 Form on plan. Curves, turns, angles and 

junctions. 

Cf. 3627. 

Cross-section. Width. Crown. 
(Surface treatment.) See 3610 + . 
Roadside grading. 

Including berins. Cf. 1780. 

(Roadside planting.) See 1848. 
Construction and maintenance. Pavements. 
General. 

Including questions of types of road surface, dura- 
bility, ease of repair, relation to traffic, water run-off, 
heat and cold, etc., and also choice of color, texture, 
etc. Cf. 3615. 

Special materials. 

Adapted, with as little change as possible, to 
avoid conflict with table given 3000ml, etc. 



3606 

(3607) 
3608 

(3609) 

3610 



3610?nl 


Wood. 


w4 


Brick. Tile. 


mb 


Stone. 


m6 


Cement. Cement concrete. 


>«6.2 


Asphalt. Bituminous. 


m6.5 


Coal tar. 


rra7.5 


Broken stone. Telford. Macadam 


m8.5 


Earth, gravel, cinder. 


m9 


Other. 




Turf, tan bark, shells, etc. 


3613 


Road binders. Dust prevention. W 




ing. 




66 



CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Roads, paths, etc. (continued). 

Construction and maintenance, etc. (conlin'd). 
3615 Decorative surface treatment. Ornamental 

pavements. 

In general, including ornamental pavements of 
courts, etc. Cf. note under 3610 above, and 3642. 

3620 Details. 

E. g., Planting strips. Curbs. Gutters. Buffers. 
Cf. subdivision: Details under Pipes, etc., 3728, 3733, 
3743, etc. 



3622 


Road signs. 




Roads. 




Cf. 6039, etc. 


3625 


General. 


3627 


Entrance roads. Approach roads. En- 




trance turns. " Front turns." Turn 




arounds. 




Cf. 3605. 


3627.1 


Forecourts. 


3628 


Service roads. Service turns. 




Cf. 3132, 3605. 


3631 


Causeways. 


3632 


" Woodroads." 


3633 


Lanes. 


3634 


Bridle paths. 


3635 


Bicycle paths. 


3636 


Trails. 




Footpaths. Paths. Walks. 




Cf. 4331, 6039, etc. 


3640 


General. 


3642 


Ornamental pavement of walks and paths. 




Cf. 3615. 


3643 


Entrance walks and paths. 


3645 


Paths for rock planting. 


3646 


Stepping stones. 


(3648) 


(Steps.) See 3375 + . 




Pipes, Conduits, Wires. 




Cf. NAC2850 + . 


3700 


General. 


3710 


Pipes. Piping. Subsurface utilities. 



Including electric conduits. 
67 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Elements ... in landscape . . . {continued). 
Pipes, Conduits, Wires {continued). 
3715 Wires. Wiring. 

3718 Overhead wires. Pole lines. 

(3720) Special utilities. 

Water supply. 

Water pipes. 

3725 General. 

3728 Details. 

E. g., Hydrants. Cf. 3445 + . 

Sewerage, drainage, and irrigation. 

Sewer and drain pipes. 

3730 General. 

3733 Details. 

E. g., manholes. 

Sewerage and sewage treatment. 
3735 General. 

3738 Details. 

Surface drainage. Storm-water drainage. 

3740 General. 

3741 Rainfall data. 
3743 Details. 

E. g., Drain-inlets, catch-basins, culverts, etc. 

Subsurface drainage. 

Cf. 1854. 

3745 General. 

3748 Details. 

Irrigation. 

Cf. 1854 +. 

3750 General. 

3753 Details. 

Lighting, heating, and power. 
3755 General. 

3758 Details. 

3760 Lighting. 

3762 Heating. 

3763 Central heating. 

68 



CLASSIFICATION 

Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
Pipes, Conduits, Wires (continued). 

Lighting, heating, and power (continued). 
(3704) (Power.) See 3773. 

3768 Gas lighting and heating. 

Gas pipes. 

3772 Electric lighting, heating and power. 

Electric conduits, poles and wires. For over- 
head wires, let 3718 attract. 



3773 


Electric power supply 




Telephone. 


3775 


General. 


3778 


Details. 




Other. 


3795 


General. 


3798 


Details. 



3800 Other elements. 
3815 People. 

E. g., crowds as an element in design, as at Versailles. 

3825 Animals. 

E. g., Sheep in the landscape, Waterfowl, etc. 

3840 Other. 

Types of landscape. Landscape characters. 
Natural scenery. ' ' Free landscape . ' ' 

Cf . 1050. A few examples only are given to suggest the kind 
of topics which may be added by the individual user. 

3900 General. 

3905 General special. 

3910 Types according to dominant ground forms 

and topography. 
3915 Prairies. 

3920 Types according to dominant vegetation. 
3925 Woodland types. Esthetic forestry. 

Cf. 2145. 

3930 Types according to climate. 
3935 Tropical landscape. 

69 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Types of landscape (continued). 
3940 Types according to effect of human occupa- 
tion AND ACTIVITIES. 

3945 Pastoral landscape. Pastures. 

3948 Meadow landscape. Meadows. 

3975 Types according to locality. Geographical 
arrangement. 

Use Geographical Table, with g.; e.g., New England, 
3975ffl0. 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples. 

4000 General. Collective. 

4001 Special countries. 

Use here Geographical Table with g, which may also be 
used throughout types for local material, including plans 
and photographs. E. g., a portfolio of German designs of 
various types would be 4001(799. 

Gardens. 
4200 General. Collective. 

4202 General special. 

Including definition of term " garden." 

Pleasure gardens. 
4225 General. 

Put here light and very general literature; e. g., the 
garden in poetry, etc. 

4320 Special aspects. 

Use of gardens for social purposes, fetes, etc. 

Design. 
4250 General. 

See note under 4700, which number should be al- 
lowed to attract books on estate as well as garden 
design. Cf. 490.5.3. 





Theory of design as applied to gardens. 


4260 


General. 




Styles of gardens. 


4270 


General. 


4272 


Formal. 


4273 


Informal. 


4274 


Naturalistic. 




Cf. 4439. 



70 



CLASSIFICATION 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 

including examples (continued). 

Gardens (continued) . 

Pleasure gardens (continued). 

Design (continued) . 

Styles of gardens (continued) . 

(4280) (Special styles.) See 210 + , History 

and historic styles of landscape 

design. 
If, however, a special collection on gardens is 
being made, the same relation of numbers as 
in 210+ can be used here to develop the history 
of gardens in detail. 

Composition of the garden. 
4320 General. 

4325 Compositional elements. 

4327 Boundaries. Entrances. 

Cf. 1192. 

4331 Surface decoration. Beds, turf areas, 

paths, etc. 

Cf. 1194. 

4335 Objects marking points of interest. 

Cf. 1196. 

4350 Gardens in special environments. 
In relation to : 

4351 Climate and atmosphere. 

E. g., Tropical gardens. 

4352 Topography. 

4354 Waterside gardens. 

Cf. 1838, 1996-1997, etc., 4442, etc. 

4355 Seashore gardens. 

Cf. 1839, 2000, etc., etc., 2011, etc. 

4358 Gardens on flat topography. 

4360 Gardens on uneven, rough, rocky 

topography. 
4362 Hillside gardens. 

Terraced gardens. 

4364 Hilltop gardens. 

(4370) (Plants. Vegetation.) See 4400 +. 

71 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
Gardens (continued). 

Pleasure gardens (continued) . 
Design (continued). 
In relation to (continued) . 
4380 Structures. 

4382 Dooryard gardens. 

4384 Backyard gardens. 

4386 Courtyard gardens. Interior court 

gardens. 
4388 Roof gardens. 

4390 Gardens at special seasons or hours. 

4391 Seasons. Seasonal effects. 

Cf. 1157, 1834, 1975, etc. 

4392 Spring. 

4393 Summer. 

4394 Autumn. 

4395 Winter. 

4396 Hours. 

4397 Day. 

4398 Night. Night effects. 

Including lighting of gardens. Cf. 1154. 

4400 Gardens of special plant materials. 

Cf. 1800 + . 

4405 Exhibition gardens. Specimen gardens. 

Cf. 1821, etc., 5800+. 

4410 Special kinds of plants. 

4411 Trees. 

4412 Topiary gardens. 

Cf. 1822. 

4413 Wildernesses. (Historical term.) 

Cf. 2145. 

4414 Orchard gardens. Fruit gardens. 

Cf. 2140. 

4416 Shrubs. 

4418 Rose gardens. 

Cf. 2486. 

Herbaceous plants. 
4421 General. 

4426 Special plants'. 

72 



CLASSIFICATION 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
Gardens (continued). 
Pleasure gardens (continued). 
Design (continued). 

Gardens of special plant materials (cont'd) . 
Herbaceous plants (continued). 

4430 Special groups. 

4431 Annuals. 

Cf. 2781. 

4433 Perennials. 

Cf. 2783. 

4437 Bulbs. 

Cf. 2787. 

4439 Native plants. Wild gardens. 

Cf. 2789. 

4441 Rock and alpine plants. Rock 

gardens. Wall gardens. 

Cf. 2791. 

4442 Water plants. Water gardens. 

Cf. 2792. 

4443 Bog and marsh plants. Bog 

gardens. 

Cf. 2896. 

4444 Bedding plants. 

Cf. 2794. 

4448 Scented plants. 

Cf. 2870. 

4450 Special color groups. 

Color effects in gardens. 

4455 Gardens of special sizes and shapes. 

E. g., Small gardens, Sunken gardens (arranged alpha- 
betically). 

4460 Gardens for special classes of people. 

E. g., Architects' gardens, Children's gardens, School 
gardens, etc. (arranged alphabetically by name of 
class). 

4465 Other special kinds. 

E. g., " Bird gardens," gardens of Shakesperian plants, 
" Old-fashioned gardens," etc. 

4470 Construction and maintenance. 

Cf. 1850 +, 2750 + ■ 

4472 Cost, 

73 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued) . 
Gardens (continued). 
Pleasure gardens (continued). 
Examples. 
4475 General. 

(4477) (History.) See 210 + . 

4480 Description, by special countries. 

Use Geographical Table with g. This classification 
number may be used for plans and photographs, 
but not for books. Class these with Estates in 
4701 + ■ 

Service gardens. Vegetable gardens. Kitchen 
gardens. Reserve gardens, cut-flower 
gardens, etc. 
4525 General. 

4536 Design. 

Material on decorative vegetable gardens may be 
classified here. 

4545 Construction and maintenance. 

(4575) (Botanical gardens.) See 5800 + . 

Private estates. 1 

Put with the books on estates, 4700 + , the garden books in- 
cluding also estates; e. g., Mawson's Art and Craft of Gar- 
den Making. 

4700 General. Collective. 

4701- Examples. Special countries and localities. 

4004 To include local garden books. See Geographical arrange- 

ment, p. 93. 

4900 Design. 

For books, irrespective of size of estates discussed. 2 

4905 Elements. 

Put here only discussion of these units as elements of 
the estate. Otherwise use subdivisions in 3000 +, as 
noted below. 

4905.1 House and house terrace. 

Cf. 3060 +, 3234. 

1 Arrange material on single estates under name of place in which it is 
situated, then by owner, e. g., large estate of C. S. Sargent, Brookline, Mass. 

NAB 5045g27 
Brook — Sar 1 

2 This same relation of numbers may be used for subdividing Design under 
the Types according to use, numbered 5105, 5155, 5205, 5255, 5305, 5405, 5605, 
5705, 5805, 5855, 6025. In the case of subdivisions of the other Types of land- 
scape designs, the same relation of numbers may be used as a decimal. 

74 



CLASSIFICATION 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
Private estates (continued). 
Design (continued). 
Elements (continued) . 
4905.3 Pleasure buildings and areas, including 

pleasure gardens. 

Cf. 3150+, 4250+. 

4905.5 Service buildings and areas. 

Cf. 3100 + . 

4905.7 Lawns, woods, etc. Natural character 

units. 

Cf. 2735, 3900 +. 

4905.9 Access and entrances. Circulation. 

Cf. 3600 + . 

4906 Estates in special environments. Choice of 

site. 

Cf. 4351+. 

4907 Climate. 

4908 Topography. 

4909 Waterside. 

4910 Seashore. 

4911 Flat. 

4912 Irregular, rough, rocky. 

4913 Hillside. 

4914 Hilltop. 

4915 Estates for special classes of people. 

Cf. subdivisions according to cost in City Planning 
Classification, NAC 1694 + . 

4918 Estates designed collectively. 

Cf. 4930 + , 4980 + , 7100, and NAC 3000 + . Lot the 
land subdivision numbers attract. 

4920 Construction and maintenance. 

Estate management may be classified here. Cf. (1495). 



4922 


Cost. 




House lots (up to one acre). 


4925 


General. 


4930 


Designed collectively. 

Cf. 491S. Prefer 7100. 


4935 


Special countries. 




75 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
Private estates (continued). 

House lots (up to one acre) (continued). 
(4940) (Designed individually.) See 4900+ . 

4945 Special countries. 

Plans and descriptions of individual estates. 

Suburban estates. Small estates (one to ten 
acres). 
4975 General. 

4980 Designed collectively. 

Including Summer colonies. Cf. 491S. Prefer 7100. 

4985 Special countries. 

Plans and descriptions of individual estates. 

(4990) (Designed individually.) See 4900 + . 

4995 Special countries. 

Country estates. Large estates (over ten 
acres) . 
5025 General. 

5045 Special countries. 

(5046) (Special kinds.) 

5047 Castle grounds. 

5048 Private estate reserves. Private parks. 

Game preserves. Deer parks. 

Cf. 6122. 

Farms. 
5050 General. 

5055 Design. 

5070 Construction and maintenance. 

Farm management may be classified here. Cf. (1495). 

5075 Examples. 

5100 Country club grounds, golf clubs. 

Cf. 6.589, golf courses. 

5105 Design. 

5120 Construction and maintenance. 

5125 Examples. 

5150 Hotel grounds, country, seashore, etc. Sum- 
mer hotels. 
5155 Design. 

5170 Construction and maintenance. 

5175 Examples. 

76 



CLASSIFICATION 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
5180 Recreation camps. 
5185 Design. 

5190 Construction and maintenance. 

5195 Examples. 

5200 Hospital, asylum, sanitarium, etc., grounds. 

Further subdivision may be made here if desired for special 
types of asylums, sanitariums, etc. \e.g., Poor farms, Animal 
homes, etc. Prefer NAB 5200+ to NAC 4645 in a library 
using both NAB and NAC Classification Schemes. 

5205 Design. 

5220 Construction and maintenance. 

5225 Examples. 

5250 College, university, private school grounds. 

5255 Design. 

5270 Construction and maintenance. 

5275 Examples. 

5300 Church grounds. 

Prefer to NAC 4650. Cf. 5900 + . 

5305 Design. 

5320 Construction and maintenance. 

5325 Examples. 

5400 Factory grounds. 

Prefer to NAC 4655. 

5405 Design. 

5420 Construction and maintenance. 

5425 Examples. 

5450 Railroad grounds. 

Including station grounds and rights of way. Prefer to 
NAC 2487, etc. 

5455 Design. 

5470 Construction and maintenance. 

5475 Examples. 

Grounds of public buildings. 

Prefer to NAC 4623. 

5500 General. Collective. 

5510 Capitol, city-hall, court-house grounds, 

etc. 
5515 Design. 

5520 Construction and maintenance. 

5525 Examples. 

77 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
Grounds of public buildings (continued). 
5530 Library and museum grounds. 

5535 Design . 

5540 Construction and maintenance. 

5545 Examples. 

5550 Public l school grounds. 

Cf . 4460, School gardens, and 6560, School playgrounds. 

5555 Design. 

5560 Construction and maintenance. 

5565 Examples. 

5590 Other. 

5600 Exposition grounds. 

Prefer to NAC 3724. 

5605 Design. 

5620 Construction and maintenance. 

5625 Examples. 

5650 Fair grounds, state, county, and other. 

5655 Design. 

5670 Construction and maintenance. 

5675 Examples. 

5700 Amusement parks. 

Prefer to NAC 4290. 

5705 Design. 

5720 Construction and maintenance. 

5725 Examples. 

5730 Open air concert gardens. Tea gardens. 
Outdoor restaurants. 

Prefer to NAC 4280. 
5735 Design . 

5740 Construction and maintenance. 

5745 Examples. 

5750 Zoological parks. 

Prefer to NAC 4270. 

5755 Design. 

5765 Buildings, including Aviaries, Aquariums, etc. 

1 The word /mblic is here used in the American sense. The great British 
" public schools " should be classified with private schools, 5250 + . 

78 



CLASSIFICATION 

Types of landscape design, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
Zoological parks (continued). 
5770 Construction and maintenance. 

5775 Examples. 

5800 Botanical gardens. " Museum " gardens. 

Prefer to NAC 4265. 

5805 Design. 

5820 Construction and maintenance. 

5825 Examples. 

5850 Arboretums. 

5855 Design. 

5870 Construction and maintenance. 

5875 Examples. 

Cemeteries. 

Prefer to NAC 4480 + . Cf . 5300 +. 

5900 General. Collective. 

5902 Proceedings of societies, conferences, etc. 

5903 Administration. Regulations. 
Design. 

5905 General. 

5907 Styles. 

5908 Formal. Architectural. 

5909 Informal. Park cemeteries. 

5910 Elements. 

5911 Ground forms, including water. 

5913 Plants. Cemetery planting. 

5914 Lots. 

5915 Structures. 

5916 Monuments. 

Including headstones and markers. Cf. 3440. 

5917 Buildings. Chapels. Columbariums. 

Mausoleums. 

5918 Roads and paths. 

5920 Cemeteries in special environments. 

5921 According to climate. 

5922 According to topography. 
5929 According to race, religion, etc. 
5940 Construction and maintenance. 
5945 Examples. 

79 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 

including examples (continued). 

Drill grounds, etc. 
Cf. NAC 4395. 

5950 General. 

5955 Design. 

5960 Construction and maintenance. 

5965 Examples. 

Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
playgrounds, and other outdoor 
public recreation facilities. 

Cf . the classification of Parks and reservations provided 
in the NAC Classification Scheme, 4000 + . A library 
using both NAB and NAC Schemes, should prefer NAB 
6000+ for matters of internal design; but park systems, 
relation of parks to distribution of population and to 
other elements of the city plan should be classified in 
NAC 4000 +. 

6000 General. Collective. 

6001 General special. 

Including Nomenclature. 

6002 Periodicals. 

6005 Proceedings of Societies, Conferences, etc. 

6009 Statistics. 

6010 Special aspects. 

E. g., sociological, economic. Use of parks. 

6014 Legislation. 

Creating parks, etc. 

Administration. Management. 

6015 General. 

6016 Commissions. 
6018 Regulations. 
6020 Reports. 

Discussions of form or value of park reports, etc. In- 
dividual local reports go in 6800+. 

6022 Concessions. 

Granting of privileges, etc., e. g., camping privileges. 
Cf. 5180+, 5730+. 

6025 Design. 

The subarrangement of topics under Park design, 
General, is repeated under Large parks, 6325+, and 
Small parks, 6425+, to provide for a minute classifi- 
cation of notes, if desired. For an ordinary collection 
6025+ will'be found more convenient in use. 

80 



CLASSIFICATION 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
etc. (continued). 
Design (continued). 

6026 Sites. 

6027 Styles. 

6028 Formal. 

6029 Naturalistic. Landscape parks. 

Cf. 3900 + . 

6030 Elements. 

6031 Ground forms, including water. 

6033 Plants, Park planting. 

6034 Picnic groves, music groves, etc. 
6034.5 Gardens. Displays of herbaceous plants. 

6035 Structures. 

6036 Buildings. 

Including rest houses, shelters, band stands, 
restaurants, service buildings, etc. Cf. 3105, 
3150+. 

6037 Park furniture. Lighting, seats, etc., 

statuary and monuments in parks. 

6038 Bridges. 

6039 Roads, paths, entrances, etc. 
Construction and maintenance. 

6040 General. 

6041 Cost. Cost accounting. 
6045 Special considerations. 

E. g., Soil fertility, sprinkling. Cf. 1853 + . 

Reservations. 

Public reserved land not developed for intensive recre- 
ative use. Prefer to NAC 4150 + . 

6100 General. 

6103 Administration. Regulations. 

6107 Examples according to ownership. 

6110 National. 

National parks and " National monuments." Cf. 
6135, National forests. 

6115 State. 

Provincial for Canada, etc. 

6120 County, metropolitan, and municipal. 

General only. Local reports go in 6800 + . 
81 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (contimied). 
Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
etc. (continued). 
Reservations (continued) . 

Examples according to ownership (contimied). 
6122 Private. Club. Proprietary. 

E. g., reservations of Appalachian Mountain Club. 

6124 Other. 

Forest and water-supply reservations. 

6125 General. 

Forest reservations. 



6126 


General. 


6128 


Administration. Regulations. 


6130 


Design. 




Cf. 3925. 


6131 


Construction and maintenance. 




a. 2350. 


6132 


Examples. 




According to ownership. 


6135 


National. 




National forests. Cf. 6110, National parks. 


6137 


State. 


6139 


Municipal. 


6141 


Private. 


6144 


Other. 




Water-supply reservations. Watershed 




reservations. Reservoirs. 


6150 


General. . 


6155 


Watershed reservations. 


6158 


Administration. Regulations. 


6160 


Design. 


6161 


Construction and maintenance. 


6162 


Examples. 


6165 


Reservoir reservations. 




Cf. 6210+, Lake reservations and parks. 6165 




is for material from special point of view of 




water supply. 


6168 


Administration. Regulations, 


6170 


Design. 




82 



CLASSIFICATION 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
etc. (continued). 
Forest and water-supply reservations 
(continued) . 
Reservoir reservations (continued). 

6171 Construction and maintenance. 

6172 Examples. 

6190 Scenic reservations. Preservation of land- 

scape. 
Shore reservations. 

Cf. 6600 +. Shore reservations, as distinguished 
from Recreational waterfronts, are areas not de- 
veloped for intensive recreation but preserved 
primarily as naturalistic landscape. 



6200 


General. 


6203 


Administration. Regulations. 


6205 


Seashore reservations. 

Cf. 1670, 6655. 


6207 


Design. 


6208 


Construction and maintenance. 


6209 


Examples. 


6210 


Lake and pond reservations. 

Cf. 1680+, 6165, 6660. 


6212 
6213 


Design. 

Construction and maintenance 


6214 


Examples. 



6215 River reservations. Stream reserva- 

tions. Waterfall reservations. 

Cf. 1690-1696, 6665. 

6217 Design. 

6218 Construction and maintenance. 

6219 Examples. 

6230 Hill and mountain reservations. Hilltop 

reservations. 
Cf. 1760 +. 

6232 Design. 

6233 Construction and maintenance. 

6234 Examples. 

83 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
etc. (continued). 
Places containing special natural fea- 
tures AND FEATURES OF HISTORIC IN- 
TEREST. 

For " National monuments " as the term is used 
in the United States, prefer 6110. 

6240 General. 

6244 Natural features. Natural monuments. 

Cf. 6126+, 6200 + . 

6246 Historic features. 

6250 Reservations for the preservation of 

animal and bird life, and plant life. 
6252 Animal life. 

6254 Bird life. Bird sanctuaries. 

6256 Plant life. 

Reservations for preservation of typical flora. 

6260 Reservations for defence. Military 

reservations. 
6270 Reservations for other special purposes. 

Large parks. 

Prefer to NAG 4240. 

6300 General. 

6310 Special aspects. 

Use. Uses for purposes other than the primary use, etc. 

6315 Administration. Regulations. 

6325 Design. 

See note under 6025. 

6326 Sites. 

6327 Styles. 

6328 Formal. 

6329 Naturalistic. Large landscape parks. 

Country parks. 

6330 Elements. 

6331 Ground forms, including water. 

6333 Plants. Park planting. 

6334 Picnic groves. Music groves, etc. 

84 



CLASSIFICATION 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
etc. (continued). 
Large parks (continued). 
Design (continued). 
Elements (continued) . 

6335 Structures. 

6336 Buildings. 

6337 Park furniture. Lighting. Seats, etc. 

Statuary and monuments. 

6338 Bridges. 

6339 Roads, paths, entrances, etc. 

6340 Construction and maintenance. 

6341 Cost. 
6350 Examples. 
6353 Formal. 

6355 . Naturalistic. Landscape parks. Country 

parks. 

Small parks. Commons, garden squares, 
neighborhood parks, public gardens. 





Not developed for active recreation. Prefer to NAC 




4250 +. 


6400 


General. 


6415 


Administration. Regulations. 


6425 


Design. 




See note under 6025. 


6426 


Sites. 


6427 


Styles. 


6428 


Formal. 


6429 


Naturalistic. Small landscape parks. 


6430 


Elements. 


6431 


Ground forms, including water. 


6533 


Plants. Park planting. 


6435 


Structures. - 


6436 


Buildings. 


6437 


Park furniture, etc. Statuary, mon- 




uments, etc. 


6438 


Bridges. 


6439 


Roads, malls, paths, entrances, etc. 




85 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
etc. (continued). 
Small parks, etc. (continued). 

6440 Construction and maintenance. 

6441 Cost. 
6450 Examples. 

Playgrounds, athletic fields, and provi- 
sions FOR SPECIAL SPORTS. 
Prefer to NAC4300 + , 

6500 General. 

6502 Periodicals. 

6505 Proceedings of societies, etc. 

6509 Statistics. 

6510 Special aspects. 

E. g., Physiological and social value of playgrounds. 

6515 Administration. Regulations. 

Playground management. 

6520 Games, etc. Theory of play, etc. 

Cf. 6580 + . 

Design. 

6525 General. 

6526 Sites. 

6527 Styles. 

6530 Elements. Equipment, in general. 

6531 Ground surface. Surfacing. 

6532 Swimming pools. Wading pools, etc. 

6533 Plants. Playground planting. 

6535 Structures. 

6536 Buildings. Gymnasiums, fieldhouses, 

etc. 

6537 Fences. Screens. Details, etc. 

6538 Apparatus. 

6539 Other. 

Including lighting of playgrounds. 

6540 Construction and maintenance. 

6541 Cost. 

6550 Examples according to types of use. 

6555 Recreation centers. Neighborhood centers. 

Combining provision for all ages. 
86 



CLASSIFICATION 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
etc. (continued). 
Playgrounds, athletic fields, etc. (cont'd). 
6560 School playgrounds. 

6564 Roof playgrounds. 

6565 Playgrounds for little children. Block in- 

terior playgrounds. 
6567 Home playgrounds. 

6570 Restricted playfields. 

6575 Playfields. Athletic fields. 

Fields for special sports. Grounds for 
sports and games. 

Cf. 3198. Data on sports and games may be 
grouped here. 

6580 General. 

6581 Football. Football. fields. 

6582 Baseball. Baseball fields. 

6583 Cricket. Cricket grounds. 

6584 Field and track. Areas for field events. 

Running tracks. 

6585 Racing. Race-tracks. Race-courses. 

6586 Motor race-tracks. 

6587 Polo. Polo fields. 

6588 Aviation. Aviation fields. 

6589 Golf. Golf courses. Golf links. 

6590 Tennis. Tennis courts. 

Cf. 3205. 

6592 Bowling greens, grass rinks, archery 

lawns, etc. 

Cf. 3208-3212. 

6593 Provision for winter sports. Areas for 

coasting, tobogganing, etc. Ice skat- 
ing rinks, hockey rinks, etc. 

6594 Other. 

Put here such provision for sport as hockey fields, 
basket-ball fields, casting pools, etc. 

6595 Playgrounds, etc., of special countries, cities, 

including special playground reports. 

Use Geographical Table with </. 
87 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
including examples (continued). 
Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
etc. (continued). 
Water parks. Recreational waterfronts. 

Cf. 6200 + ■ Water parks are developed for intensive 
use. NAC 4370+ may be used instead of NAB 0600+, 
if it is desired to keep Recreational and Commercial 
waterfronts in close sequence. 

6600 General. 

6615 Administration. Regulations. 

6625 Design. 

6630 Elements. 

6631 Shores. Bathing beaches. 

Cf. 1703. 

6633 Plants. Waterfront planting. 

6635 Structures. 

6636 Recreation piers. 

6637 Bath-houses (Public). 

Cf. 3172. 

6638 Boat-houses (Public). 

Cf. 3170 

6639 Other. 

6640 Construction and maintenance. 

6650 Examples. 

6655 Seashore parks. 

Cf. 1670, 6205 +. 

6660 Lake and pond parks. 

Cf. 1680+, 62104-. 

6665 River parks. 

Cf. 1690+, 62154-. 

6799 Other. 

6800 Parks of special countries and cities. Geo- 

graphical arrangement. 
Including reports of park commissions. Use Geographical 
Table, p. 93, changing the initial 47 in each case to 68 
and 48 to 69; e. g., Park reports of cities in the United 
States should be numbered 6827. The Geographical 
Table given in the NAC Classification, p. 77, will be found 
even more convenient, as it can be used for local park re- 
ports exactly as it stands, prefixing NAB. 



88 



CLASSIFICATION 

Landscape designs in larger public problems 
of the arrangement of land. 
7000 General. 

7100 Land subdivision, for residential purposes. 

Cf. NAC 1675+, 3380 + . The NAC numbers should be 
preferred to NAB 7100 in any collection dealing consider- 
ably with public problems. 

7500 Town and city planning. Village planning. 

Cf. NAC Classification. See description on p. 7 of the 
preface to this NAB Scheme. 

8500 Regional planning. 

Or material may be classified in NAC 5560 (a new num- 
ber). 

S700 Rural planning. 

Or material may be classified with NAC 5560. 

8900 State planning. Provincial planning. 

Or material may be classified with NAC 5560. 

9000 National planning. 

Or material may be classified with NAC 5560. 

9200 National roads. 

Cf. Library of Congress Class TE. 

(9400) (National parks, forests, etc.) See 6110, 6135, 

etc. 



89 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
CLASSIFICATION 

GEOGRAPHICAL TABLE 



Adapted from Table II given in N Classification Scheme of the Library of CongresB, and 
corresponding to the geographical table used in the City Planning Classification (NAC. See 
note on p. 77 of that scheme). Owing to the fact that some of the changes in boundaries caused 
by the World War may not prove durable, and also that almost no recent material has appeared 
from the countries most substantially affected, it has seemed best to repeat the Table prac- 
tically as used for NAC, giving the countries as they existed on January 1, 1914, but italicizing 
those areas now undergoing essential territorial change. 



01 


America. 




West Indies (continued). 


03 


North America. 


957 


Porto Rico. 


05 


United States. 


058 


Other. 


<?6 


U. S. Colonial.* 


059 


South America. 




By sections. 


061 


Argentine Republic. 




To be used only if desired. 


063 


Bolivia. 




See note under ff27, Cities. 








below. 


065 


Brazil. 


fflO 


New England. 


067 


Chile. 


<7ll 


South. 


069 


Colombia. 


ffl4 


Central. 


071 


Ecuador. 


»17 


West. 


073 


Guiana. 


gl9 


Pacific States. 


075 


Paraguay. 


025 


States A-Z. 


077 


Peru. 


027 


Cities A-Z. 


j79 


Uruguay. 




It is most convenient to arrange 


081 


Venezuela. 




material alphabetically by cities 


083 


Europe. 




as far as possible. 


085 


Great Britain, England 


?29 


Canada. 


087 


England. Local. 


931 


Mexico. 


089 


Scotland. 


S33 


Central America. 


091 


Ireland. 


035 


British Honduras. 


093 


Wales. 


ff37 


Costa Rica. 


095 


Austria-Hun gary . 


ff39 


Guatemala. 


097 


France. 


gil 


Honduras. 


099 


Germany. 


S 43 


Nicaragua. 


0101 


Greece. 


945 


Salvador. 


0103 


Italy. 


ff46 


Panama. 


0105 


Netherlands. 


9 47 


West Indies. 


0107 


Holland. 


949 


Bahamas. 


0109 


Belgium. Flanders. 


951 


Cuba. 


0110 


Poland. 


053 


Haiti. 


0111 


Russia. 


055 


Jamaica. 


0113 


Scandinavia. 



* Although an historical not a geographical subdivision, it is used here for convenience. 

91 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 





Europe — Scandinavia (cont'd). 




Asia. The Orient (continued). 


<7ll5 


Denmark. 




<7l51 


Southern Asia. India. Ceylon 


<7ll7 


Iceland. 




Sl53 


Indo-China. 


?H9 


Norway. 




0155 


French Indo-China. 


0121 


Sweden. 




Sl57 


Indonesia. Malaysia. 


0125 


Spain. Spain and Portugal. 


0159 


Dutch East Indies. 


g\2b 


Portugal. 




0161 


Philippines. 


gl27 


Switzerland. 




0163 


Eastern Asia. 


0129 


Turkey. 




0165 


China. 


ffl31 


Other Balkan States. 




0167 


Japan. 


3 133 


Bulgaria. 




0169 


Northern Asia. Siberia. 


S 135 


Montenegro. 






Russia in Asia. 


9137 


Rumania. 




0173 


Africa. 


0139 


Serbia. 




0175 


North. 


ffl41 


Others. 




0177 


South. 


0143 


Asia. The Orient. 




0179 


Australia. 


g 145 


Southwestern Asia. 


Levant. 


0I8I 


New Zealand. 




Asia Minor. Turkey 


in Asia. 


0183 


Pacific Islands. 


9147 


Persia. 




0184 


Special A-Z. 


ffl49 


Central Asia. 









92 



ESTATES AND GARDENS 



GEOGRAPHICAL ARRANGEMENT 



See note under Geographical Table, p. 91. 



4701 


America. 




South America (continued). 


4703 


North America. 


4775 


Paraguay. 


4705 


United States. 


4777 


Peru. 


4706 


U. S. Colonial.* 


4779 


Uruguay. 




By sections. 


4781 


Venezuela. 




To be used only if desired. 


4783 


Europe. 


4710 
4711 


See note under 4727. Cities. 

New England. 
South. 


4785 
4787 
4789 


Great Britain. England. 
England. Local. 
Scotland. 


4714 


Central. 


4791 


Ireland. 


4717 


West. 


4793 


Wales. 


4719 


Pacific States. 


4795 


Austria-H unyary. 


4725 


States A-Z. 


4797 


France. 


4727 


Cities A-Z. 

It is most convenient to arrange 


4799 


Germany. 




material alphabetically by cities 


4801 


Greece. 




'as far as possible. 


4803 


Italy. 


4729 


Canada. 


4805 


Netherlands. 


4731 


Mexico. 


4807 


Holland. 


4733 


Central America. 


4809 


Belgium. Flanders. 


4735 


British Honduras. 


4810 


Poland. 


4737 


Costa Rica. 


4811 


Russia. 


4739 


Guatemala. 


4813 


Scandinavia. 


4741 


Honduras. 


4815 


Denmark. 


4743 


Nicaragua . 


4817 


Iceland. 


4745 


Salvador. 


4819 


Norway. 


4746 


Panama. 


4821 


Sweden. 


4747 


West Indies. 


4823 


Spain. Spain and Portugal. 


4749 


Bahamas. 


4825 


Portugal. 


4751 


Cuba. 


4827 


Switzerland. 


4753 


Haiti. 


4829 


Turkey. 


4755 


Jamaica. 


4831 


Other Ballcan Stales. 


4757 


Porto Rico. 


4833 


Bulgaria. 


4758 


Other. 


4835 


Montenegro. 


4759 


South America. 


4837 


Rumania. 


4761 


Argentine Republic. 


4839 


Serbia. 


4763 


Bolivia. 


4841 


Others. 


4765 


Brazil. 


4843 


Asia. The Orient. 


4767 


Chile. 


4845 


Southwestern Asia. Levant 


4769 


Colombia. 




Asia Minor. Turkey in Asia 


4771 


Ecuador. 


4847 


Persia. 


4773 


Guiana. 


4849 


Central Asia. 



* Although an historical not a geographical subdivision, it is used here for convenience. 

93 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 





Asia. The Orient {continued). 




Asia. The Orient (continued) 


4851 


Southern Asia. India. Ceylon. 


4869 


Northern Asia. Siberia. 


4853 


Indo-China. 




Russia in Asia. 


4855 


French Indo-China. 


4873 


Africa. 


4857 


Indonesia. Malaysia. 


4875 


North. 


4859 


Dutch East. Indies. 


4877 


South. 


4861 


Philippines. 


4879 


Australia. 


4863 


Eastern Asia. 


4881 


New Zealand. 


4865 


China. 


4883 


Pacific Islands. 


4867 


Japan. 


4884 


Special A-Z. 



94 



ALPHABETIC LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 

AND 

INDEX TO THE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

ALPHABETIC LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
TO THE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME 



INTRODUCTORY NOTE 

The following list of topics serves as an alphabetic index 
to subjects eovered in the classification scheme and also as 
a set of standard subject headings which may be used for a 
card index or dictionary catalogue in office or library. The 
standard form of subject heading selected to designate each 
topic is indicated by the appearance of a number (or num- 
bers) directly after the heading. From all other topics 
given, cross-references (beginning, " see ") have been made 
to these chosen subject headings. In addition " See also " 
cross-references have been suggested for the user's con- 
venience. In case a card index is made according to the 
standard subject headings, these see also references would 
point the way to books or pictures indexed under the affili- 
ated topics referred to. 

The parenthesis about numbers has been used to indicate 
a place usually less desirable for classifying material than 
the other number or numbers given for the same topic. In 
the case of Plants, the construction of the classification 
scheme makes it possible to classify very minutely, if de- 
sired; but usually the numbers in parentheses for Plant 
topics can be disregarded for ordinary library purposes. 
Where two or more numbers (none being in parentheses) 
are given for a topic, these alternative numbers should be 
looked up in the Classification Scheme itself and a choice 
made before materials is actually classified. 

The chosen form of subject headings for topics appearing 
in the Summary Outline to the Classification Scheme are 
designated by double stars in this index. 

Subheads have been shown in italic type, conforming to 
Library of Congress practice. They should be underlined 
when used in card index headings. 

97 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 

There are a number of standard subheads which may be 
used with many major topics — such subheads as Bibliog- 
raphy; Construction and maintenance; Construction and 
maintenance. Cost; Design; Nomenclature; Plans; Statis- 
tics; etc.; and similarly Geographical subdivisions. These 
have been printed in the following list only where found 
justified by amount of existing reference material. They 
may, however, be used as freely as necessary, in a way 
similar to that shown. See under Landscape architecture, 
or Parks. 



98 



ALPHABETIC LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS AND 
INDEX TO THE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME 



References are to numbers of topics in the scheme. 



A 

Accents, in landscape composition, 
set Landscape composition, 
1196. 
Access, see Roads; Paths, etc.; 3600- 
(3648). 

Accounting, Park, ace Parks — Con- 
struction and maintenance. Cost 
accounting, 6041. 

Accounting systems in landscape 
architect's office, see Land- 
scape architecture — Profes- 
sional practice. Office organi- 
zation and equipment, 1234. 

Addresses on landscape architecture, 
see Landscape architecture; 
Landscape architecture — Lec- 
tures, 265-270. 

Advertising, in professional practice 
of landscape architecture, see 
Landscape architecture — Pro- 
fessional practice. Advertising 
and ■publicity, 1223. 

Aerial perspective, see Atmosphere — 
In landscape composition, 1156. 

Aerial photography, see Photography, 
Aerial, 1244. 

Aerial surveying, see Surveying, 
Photographic, Aerial, 1244. 

Alices. 2130-2131. 

See also Pleached alleys. 

Alphabets, see Lettering, 1310. 

Alpine gardens, see Gardens, Alpine, 
4441. 

Alpine plants, sec Plants, Alpine, 2003. 

American Colonial styles of landscape 
design, see Landscape design — 
Styles. A mencan ( 'olonial,249g6. 

American landscape style, see Land- 
scape design — Styles. Aim rican 
landscape style. OlmsU d, 239. 



Amphitheaters, 3198. 

See also Stadiums; Theaters, 
Outdoor. 

Amusement parks,** 5700-5725. 

Ancient history of landscape archi- 
tecture, see Landscape archi- 
tecture — History. Ancient, 
215-224. 

Animals — In landscape, 3825. 

Animals * * — Reservations for protec- 
tion, 6252. 

Announcements, Professional, of the 
landscape architect, see Land- 
scape architecture — Profes- 
sional practice. Announce- 
ments, 1224. 

Annuals (herbaceous plants), see Her- 
baceous plants, Annual, 2781. 

Apiaries, 3117. 

Appreciation of landscape, see Land- 
scape appreciation, 1020. 

Aquariums, 5765. 

Aquatic plants, see Plants, Water, 
(1997), 2792. 

Aqueducts, Garden, 3452. 

Arborescent plants, see Shrubs, 2400- 
2650. 

Arboretums,** 5850-5875. 

See also Botanical gardens. 

Arboriculture, 2150. 

Sec also Forests and forestry; 
Horticulture; Tree planting; 
Trees. 

Arbors, 3160. 

See also Peregolas; Pleached 
alleys; Seats, Covered. 

Archery lawns, 3212, 6592. 

Arches, Garden, see Garden arches, 
3472. 

" Architectural " styles of landscape 
design, see Landscape design — 
Styles. Formal, 1036. 



99 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Architecture (Library of Congress Backstops, 3348. 



Classification, NA). 
See also Buildings. 

Architecture, Domestic (NA). 
See also Houses. 

Architecture, Public (NA). 
See also Public buildings. 

Arctic vegetation, see Vegetation, Arc- 
tic, 1985, etc. 

Artificial rockwork, see Rockwork, 
Artificial, 1775. 

Asphalt pavements, see Pavements, 
Asphalt, 3610m6.2. 

Asylums — Grounds, see Hospitals, 
asylums, etc. — Grounds, 
5200-5225. 

Athletic fields,** 6575. 

See also Playgrounds; Sports and 
games — Grounds. 

Atmosphere — In landscape composi- 
tion, 1156, 1540. 
See also Sky, clouds, etc. 

Atmospheric perspective, see Atmos- 
phere — In landscape compo- 
sition, 1156. 

Automobile camping grounds, see 
Camps, Recreation, 5180-5195. 

Automobiles, 3604. 

See also Parks — Roads and paths; 
Roads; Turnarounds. 

Autumn foliage, see Plants — Foliage. 
Autumn, 1918; Trees — Sea- 
sonal appearance. Autumn, 
2218. 

Autumn gardens, see Gardens — Sea- 
sonal effects. Autumn, 4394. 

Avenues, see Allees, 2130; Roads, 
entrance to estates, etc., 3627. 

Aviaries, 5765. 

Aviation fields, 6588. 

Axial arrangements — In landscape 
composition, 1182. 

B 

Babylonian gardens, see Gardens, 
Ancient; Landscape architec- 
ture — History. Ancient; Land- 
scape design — Styles. Egyptian 
and Mesopotamian; 217. 

Backgrounds, in landscape composi- 
tion, see Landscape composi- 
tion, 1179. 



See also Baseball grounds; Ten- 
nis courts; etc. 

Backyard gardens, see Gardens, Back- 
yard, 4384. 

Balance in landscape composition, see 
Landscape composition, 1123- 
1126, 1182. 

Balustrades, 3315. 
See also Parapets. 

Bandstands, 3159 

Banks (Earth), 1782-1784. 

See also Beaches ; Boulder banks ; 
Cliffs; Earthwork; Embank- 
ments; Shores; Slopes. 

Bark, see Plants — Bark, 1930, etc. 

Barns and barnyards, see Farm build- 
ings; Stables and stableyards; 
3105. 

Baroque (Italian) style of landscape 
design, see Landscape design — 
Styles. Italian Renaissance. 
Baroque, 232. 

Baseball fields, 6582. 

Basins, see Pools, basins, etc., 3448- 
3449. 

Basketball fields, 6594. 

Bath-houses, 3172. 

Bath-houses, Public, 6637. 

Bathing beaches, 6631. 

Bays, see Shores, 1701. 

Beaches, 1702-1705. 

See also Bathing beaches, 

" Beautiful," The, see Landscape de- 
sign — Esthetic theory; Land- 
scape effects; 1065. 

Beauty, in landscape, see Landscape 
design — Esthetic theory, 1010- 
1079. 

Bedding plants, 2794. 
See also Carpet beds. 

Beds (Plant) , see Bedding plants, 2794 ; 
Carpet beds, 2733; Herbaceous 
beds and borders, 2724, 2731; 
Shrub beds, 2423. 

Bee-attracting plants, see Plants, Bee- 
attracting, 2060. 

Beehives, see Apiaries, 3117. 

Benches, Garden, sec Scats, Garden, 
3482. 

Berms, see Banks (Earth), 1782-1784; 
Roadside grading, 3608. 



100 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Berries, see Plants — Fruit, 1925, etc. 

Bibliography of landscape architec- 
ture, see Landscape, architec- 
ture — Bibliography, 0. 

Bicycle paths, 3635. 

Biennials (herbaceous plants), see 
Herbaceous plants, Biennial, 
2782. 

Billboards, 575. 

Biography of landscape architecture, 
see Landscape architecture — 
Biography, 200-205. 

Bird-attracting plants, see Plants, 
Bird-attracting, 2059. 

Bird-baths, 3458. 

Bird gardens, see Gardens, Bird, 4465. 

Bird-houses, 3115. 

Bird sanctuaries,** 6254. 

Birdseye perspectives, see Perspective 
drawings, Birdseye, 1274. 

Birdseye views, see Perspective draw- 
ings, Birdseye, 1274. 

Bituminous pavements, see Pave- 
ments, Bituminous, 3610m6.2. 

" Black-line " prints, see Reproduction 
of drawings — Prints, 1304. 

Blasting, 1434. 

Block-interior playgrounds, see Play- 
grounds, Block-interior, 6565. 

Blue prints, see Reproduction of draw- 
ings— Prints, 1301. 

Boat-houses, 3170. 

Boat-houses, Public, 6638. 

Boat-landings, 3171. 

Bog and marsh plants, see Plants, Bog 
and marsh, 1996, etc. 

Bog gardens, see Gardens, Bog and 
marsh, 4443. 

Bogs, see Marshes, 1720-1726. 

Border plantations, 1824, 2124, 2424. 
See also Windbreaks. 

Borders, Box, see Edgings, Box, 2429. 

Borders, Herbaceous, see Herbaceous 
beds and borders, 2724. 

Bosquets, 2145. 

See also Woodlands. 

Botanical gardens,** 5800-5825. 

Boulder banks, 1782. 

Boulder beaches, see Beaches, 1705. 

Boulders, see Rocks — In landscape, 
1771. 

Boundaries, in landscape composition, 



see Landscape composition, 
1192. 

Boundary plantations, sec Border 
plantations, 1824, etc. 

Bowling greens, 3211, 6592. 

Bowling rinks, see Bowling greens, 
3211, 6592. 

Box edgings, see Edgings, Box, 2429. 

Boxes, Plant, see Flower pots and 
boxes; Tree boxes, pots, etc.; 
Window boxes; 3465-3467. 

Brick, 3000m4. 

Brick pavements, see Pavements, 
Brick, 3610ro4. 

Bridges,** 3500-3534. 

See also Parks — Bridges, 

Bridges, Draw, 3523. 

Bridges, Foot, 3527. 

Bridges, Railroad, 3529. 

Bridges, Road, 3526. 

Bridle paths, 3634. 

Broken stone (as material of roads 
and paths), see Roads, Broken 
stone, 3610m7.5. 

Bronzework, 3000m8. 

Brooks, 1694. 

Buffers, 3620. 

See also Gates and gateways, En- 
trance to estates, etc. 

Building groups, 3054. 

Building groups, Residential, 3054.5. 
See also Estates (Private) — 
Grouping. 

Buildings,** 3050-3090. 

See also Cemeteries — Buildings; 
Farm buildings; Parks — Build- 
ings; Playgrounds — Build- 
ings; Pleasure buildings and 
structures; Public buildings; 
Service buildings and struc- 
tures. 

Buildings — Adaptation to topography, 
3050. 

Buildings — In landscape, 3050. 

Buildings, Plantations in relation to, 
see Plantations — Relation to 
buildings, 1841. 

Bulbous plants, 2787. 

See also Gardens, Bulb. 

Bulbs, sec Bulbous plants, 2787. 

Bulkheads, see Shores — Structural 
treatment, 3255. 



101 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Camps,** Recreation, 5180-5195. 
See also Parks — Concessions. 

Canals,** 3491. 

Canals, Garden, see Pools, basins, etc., 
3448. 

Capitols ''—Grounds, 5510-5525. 

Carpet beds, 2733. 

See also Bedding plants; Knots; 
Parterres. 

Cartouches, 1313. 

Cascades (Artificial), 3450. 
See also Waterfalls. 

Casini,. see Pavilions, shelters, etc. ,3155. 

Casting pools, 6594. 

Castles — Grounds, 5047. 

Catalogues (Nursery and other deal- 
ers), see Landscape architecture 
— Professional practice. Office 
organization and equipment; 
Nurseries (Plant) — Catalogues; 
1238. 

Catch-basins, 3743. 

Causeways, 3631. 

Cement concrete, see Concrete, 3000m 
6. 

Cement pavements, see Pavements, 
Cement concrete, 3610m0. 

Cement stucco, see Stucco, 3000m2. 

Cemeteries,** 5900-5945. 

— Administration, 5903. 

— Buildings, 5917. 

— Construction anil maintenance, 

5940. 

— Design, 5905-5029. 

— Lots, 5914. 

— Monuments, see Monuments — 

In cemeteries, 5910. 

— Planting, 5913. 

— Roads and paths, 5918. 

— Societies, 5902. 

Central heating, see Heating — Cen- 
tral station systems, 3763. 

Character, Landscape, see Landscape 
character, 1050-1055. 

Charges, Professional, of landscape 
architect, see Landscape archi- 
tecture — Professional prac- 
tice. Charges, 1212. 

Chemical fertilizers, see Fertilizers, 
1853.3. 



Children's gardens, see Gardens, Chil- 
dren's, 4460. 

Chinese styles of landscape design, see 
Landscape design — Styles. 
Chinese, 244. 

Churches ** — Grounds, 5300-5325. 

Cinders (as material of roads and 
paths), sec Roads, Cinder, 
3010mS.5. 

City-halls **— Grounds, 5510-5525. 

City planning** (see complete sepa- 
rate classification scheme, 
NAC), 1 7500. 

Classic styles of landscape design, see 
Landscape design — Styles. 
Classic, 219, 1042. 

Classification of landscape architec- 
ture, see Landscape architec- 
ture — Classification, 254. 

Clay soil, Plants enduring, see Plants, 
Clay-loving, 2001, etc. 

Clearing the ground, see Landscape 
construction and maintenance, 
1410. 

Clients, see Landscape architecture — 
Professional practice, 1217- 
1219. 

Cliffs, 1774. 

Climate, Effect on landscape design, 
see Landscape design — Style, 
1031 ; Plants — Environments, 
1851.1, 1981, etc. 

Climax, in landscape composition, sec 
Landscape composition, 1111. 

Climbers, see Vines, climbers, etc., 
1885, etc. 

Clipped allees, see Allees, 2131. 

Clippings, Landscape architecture 
(General collections), 290. 

Cloister garths, see Gardens, Monas- 
tic, 226. 

Clouds, see Sky, clouds,etc, 1540-1550. 

Clubs, Country, see Country clubs — 
Grounds, 5100-5125. " 

Clumps, see Tree and shrub groups, 
1823, 2123, 2423. 

Coasting grounds, see Winter sports, 
Areas for, 6293. 

Code of ethics of landscape architect, 
see Landscape architecture — 
Professional practice, 1211. 

1 Described on p. 7. 



102 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Cold frames, see Hotbeds and cold 
frames, (1864), 3145. 

College courses in landscape archi- 
tecture, see Landscape archi- 
tecture — Study mill teaching, 
935. 

Colleges,** schools (private), etc. — 
Grounds, 5250-5275. 

Colonial gardens, see Gardens — U. S. 
Colonial, 4706; Landscape de- 
sign — Styles. American Co- 
lonial, 249ff6. 

Colonnades, Free-standing, 3164. 

Color — In gardens, see Gardens — 
Color effects, 4450. 

Color — In landscape composition, 
1147. 
.See also Gardens — Color effects; 
Plants — Color. 

Color — In representation, sec Render- 
ing in color, 1295-1299. 

Color of vegetation, see Plants — 
Color, 1965, etc. 

Commons, 6400-6450. 

Competitions in landscape archi- 
tecture, see Landscape archi- 
tecture — Competitions, 1225. 

Competitive examinations in land- 
scape architecture, see Land- 
scape architecture — Competi- 
tive examinations, 1228. 

('( imposition, Landscape, see Land- 
scape composition, 1100-1199. 

Compositions, Pictorial, see Land- 
scape composition, 1174-1185. 

Compost, see Fertilizers, 1853.4. 

Compost yards, see Gardener's yards, 
3138. 

Concert gardens, 5730-5745. 
See also Music courts, 

Concessions, see Amusement parks, 
5702; Expositions — Grounds, 
5602; Fair grounds, 5652; 
Parks — Concessions, 6022. 

Concrete, 3000?ra6. 

Concrete pavements, see Pavements, 
Cement concrete, 3610m6. 

Conduits,** Electric, (1426), 3710. 

Conferences on landscape architec- 
ture, see Lansdcape architec- 
ture — Congresses, (40)-46. 



Congresses on landscape architecture, 
see Landscape architecture — 
Congresses, (40)-46. 

Conifers, see Trees, Evergreen, 2208. 

Conservatories, see Greenhouses 
(1864), 3140. 

Construction, Landscape, see Land- 
scape construction and main- 
tenance, 1400-U490). 

Construction, Materials of, see Ma- 
terials of construction, 3000m 
1-9. 

Construction plans, see Plans, Con- 
struction, 1278. 

Contractors, 1221. 

See also Labor; Nurserymen, 

Contracts and specifications, 1344. 

Contrast, in landscape composition, 
see Landscape composition, 
1111. 

Conventions on landscape architec- 
ture, see Landscape Architec- 
ture — Congresses (40)-46. 

Cooperation in professional practice 
of landscape architecture, see 
Landscape architecture — Pro- 
fessional practice. Cooperation, 
1220. 

Copings, 3317. 

" Correspondence courses " in land- 
scape architecture, see Land- 
scape architecture — Study and 
leaching, 939. 

Cost estimates, see Estimates, 1346. 

Cost of construction and maintenance, 
see Landscape construction 
and maintenance — Cost, 1402- 
1404. 

Country clubs** — Grounds, 5100- 
5125. 

Country estates, see Estates (Private), 
Country, 5025-5048. 

Country hotels, see Hotels — Grounds, 
5150-5175. 

Country houses, see Houses, Country, 
3066. 

Country parks, see Parks, Landscape, 
(6029), 6329. 

Countryside improvement, see Rural 
improvement, 573. 

County fair grounds, see Fair grounds. 
5650-5675. 



103 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



County parks, see Parks, Metropolitan I Dictionaries of landscape architec- 



and county, 6120. 

Court-houses — Grounds, 5510-5525. 

Courts, see Courtyards, 4386; Fore- 
courts, 3627.1; Music courts, 
3198; Service yards, 3132; 
Tennis courts, 3205, 6590; etc. 

Courts, Entrance, see Forecourts, 
3627.1. 

Courts, Service, see Service yards, 
3132. 

Courtyard gardens, see Courtyards, 
4386. 

Courtyards, 4386. 

See also Forecourts; Service 
yards. 

Crayon drawing, see Drawing, Crayon, 
1296. 

Creepers, see Vines, climbers, etc., 
1885, etc. 

Cricket grounds, 6583. 

Criticism in landscape design, see 
Landscape architecture — Study 
and teaching, 911; Landscape 
design — Esthetic theory, 1020. 

Crop rotation, see Rotation of crops, 
1853.8. 

Croquet lawns, 3208. 

Cross-sections, 1282. 

Crowds — In landscape, 3815. 

Culverts, 3743. 

Curbs (Road), 3620. 

Cut-flower gardens, see Gardens, Cut- 
flower, 4525-4545. 

Cut flowers, see Herbaceous plants, 
Cut-flower, 2793. 

D 

Dams,** 3495. 

Deciduous plants, see Plants, Decidu- 
ous, 1910, etc. 

Deer parks, 5048. 

Defence, Reservations for, see Mili- 
tary reservations, 6260. 

Desert plants, see Plants, Desert, 
1992, etc. 

Design, Landscape, see Landscape de- 
sign, 1000-1199. 

Design, Planting, see Planting design, 
1805-1849, etc. 

Details, see Plans, Detail, 1278. 



ture, see Landscape architec- 
ture — Dictionaries, etc., 190. 

Directories of landscape architecture, 
see Landscape architecture — 
Directories, 195. 

Diseases of plants, see Plants — Di- 
seases and pests, 1865—1868.3. 

Distance, Planes of, in landscape com- 
position, see Landscape com- 
position, 1180. 

Ditching, see Drainage; Pipes and 
pipe-laying; (1418), 3730-3753. 

Dooryard gardens, see Gardens, Door- 
yard, 4382. 

Dovecotes, 3115. 

Drafting, see Drawing, 1251-1330. 

Drafting instruments, sec Drawing 
instruments, 1251.5. 

Drain-inlets, 3743. 

Drainage, (1418), 1854, 3740-3748. 
See also Irrigation. 

Drainage, Storm water, see Drainage, 
Surface, 3740-3743. 

Drainage, Subsurface, 3745-3748. 

Drainage, Surface, 3740-3743. 

Draughting, see Drawing, 1251-1330. 

Drawbridges, see Bridges, Draw, 
3523. 

Drawing, 1251-1330. 

See also Painting; Rendering; 
Reproduction of drawings; and 
headings beginning: Repre- 
sentation. 

Drawing, Crayon, 129G. 

Drawing, Freehand, 1251. 

Drawing, Landscape, 1251. 

Drawing, Line, 1290. 

Drawing, Pastel, 1296. 

Drawing, Pen and ink, 1292. 

Drawing, Pencil, 1291. 

Drawing, Wash, 1293-1295. 

Drawing instruments, 1251.5. 

Drawings, Reproduction of, see Re- 
production of drawings, 1300- 
1309. 

Drill grounds, 5950-5965. 

Drinking fountains, 3419, (3447.1). 

Drives, see Roads, 3600-3636. 

Dunes, Sand, 1765. 

Dust prevention, 3613. 

See also Road binders. 



104 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Dutch style of landscape design, see 
Landscape design — Styles. 
Dutch, 235. 



E 

Earth roads, see Roads, Earth, 3610m 
8.5. 

Earthwork, 1431. 

See also Banks (Earth); Em- 
bankments; Grading; Shores. 

Economic theory of landscape design, 
see Landscape design — Eco- 
nomic theory, • 1005). 

Edgings, 1827, 2429, 2729. 
See also Lawn guards. 

Edgings, Box, 2420. 

Edgings, Herbaceous, 2729. 

Educational campaigns for landscape 
improvement, see Landscape 
improvement — Educational 
campaigns, 540 "vis. 

Effects, Landscape, see Landscape 
effects, 1060-1079. 

Egyptian style of landscape design, 
see Landscape design — Styles. 
Egyptian and Mesopotamian, 
217. 

Electric conduits, see Conduits, Elec- 
tric, (1426). 3710. 

Electric lighting, 3772. 

See also Conduits, Electric; Wires, 
Overhead. 

Electric power supply, 377:1. 

Elements in landscape and landscape 
design, see Landscape design, 
and the special elements: 
Ground forms, Plants, Struc- 
tures, etc.; 1500-3840. 

Elevations (drawings in elevation), 
1270-1272. 

Elevations (figures of elevation), see 
Topographical maps, 1241; 
Plans, Grading, 1278; etc. 

Elizabethan style of landscape design, 
see Landscape design — Styles. 
English Renaissance. Tudor. 
Elizabethan, 234. 

Embankments, 3245, 3250. 

Encyclopedias of landscape architec- 
ture, see Landscape architec- 
ture — Dictionaries, etc., 190. 



Enframements, in landscape composi- 
tion, see Landscape composi- 
tion, 1177. 

Engineering (Library of Congress 
Classification, T). 

English " Landscape School," see 
Landscape design — Styles. 
English " Landscape School," 
237. 

English Renaissance styles of land- 
scape design, see Landscape 
design — Styles. English Re- 
naissance. Tudor. Elizabethan , 
234. 

Entrance drives, see Roads, Entrance 
to estates, etc., 3627. 

Entrance gates and gateways, see 
Gates and gateways, Entrance 
to estates, etc., 3361. 

Entrance paths, see Paths, Entrance 
to estates, etc., 3643. 

Entrance roads, see Roads, Entrance 
to estates, etc., 3627. 

Entrance turns, see Turnarounds, 
3627. 

Entrances, Garden, see Gates and 
gateways, Garden, 3362. 

Entrances, Park, see Parks — En- 
trances, 6039. 

Entrances, Service, see Paths, En- 
trance to estates, etc., 3643; 
Roads, Service, 3628. 

Equipment of landscape architect's 
office, see Landscape architec- 
ture — Professional practice. 
Office organization and equip- 
ment, 1230-1239. 

Espalier trees, see Fruit trees, Trained, 
2135. 

Essays on landscape architecture, see 
Landscape architecture, 265- 
270. 

Estate management, (1495), 4920. 

Estates** (Private), 4700-5048. (Geo- 
graphical subdivision to be 
used.) 
See also Land subdivision; Sum- 
mer colonies. 

Estates (Private) — Construction ami 
maintenance, 4920. 
See also Landscape construction 
and maintenance. 



105 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Estates (Private) — Design, 4900- 
4918. 

Estates (Private) — Grouping, 4918, 
4930, 4980. 
See also Building groups, Resi- 
dential. 

Estates (Private) — Planting, 1849. 

Estates (Private), Country, 5025- 
5048. 
See also Castles — Grounds; Deer 
parks; Farms; Game pre- 
serves (Private) ; Houses, Coun- 
try. 

Estates (Private), Hillside, 4913. 

Estates (Private), Hilltop, 4914. 

Estates (Private), House-lot, 4925- 
4945. 
See also Houses, Small. 

Estates (Private), Large, see Estates 
(Private), Country, 5025-5048. 

Estates (Private), Rocky, 4912. 

Estates (Private,) Seashore, 4910. 

Estates (Private), Small, see Estates 
(Private), Suburban, 4975- 
4995. 

Estates (Private), Suburban, 4975- 
4995. 
See also Houses, Suburban. 

Estates (Private), Waterside, 4909. 

Esthetic theory of landscape design, 
see Landscape design — Esthetic 
theory, 1010-1079. 

Estimates, 1346. 

Ethics, Code of, of landscape archi- 
tect, see Landscape architec- 
ture — Professional practice, 
1211. 

Evergreens, 1907-1909, 2207-2209, 
2507-2509. 
See also Shrubs, Evergreen; Trees, 
Evergreen. 

Examinations in landscape architec- 
ture, see Landscape architec- 
ture — Competitive examina- 
tions, 1228; Landscape archi- 
tecture — Professional practice. 
Registration examinations, 1215. 

Excavation, 1431. 

Exedrae, 3484. 

Exhibition gardens, see Gardens — 
Exhibitions, 4405. 



Exhibitions of landscape architecture, 
see Landscape architecture — > 
Exhibitions, (50)-65. 

Exhibitions of landscape improve- 
ment, sec Landscape improve- 
ment — Exhibitions, 546. 

Exotic plants, see Greenhouse and 
house plants, 2042, 2796-2797; 
Plants, Tropical, 1982, etc. 

Expositions** — Grounds, 5600-5625. 

Extension work in landscape improve- 
ment, see Landscape improve- 
ment — University extension, 
515. 



Factories** — Grounds, 5400-5425. 

Fair grounds,** 5650-5675. 

Fall gardens, see Gardens — Seasonal 
appearance. Autumn, 4394. 

Farm buildings, 3105. 

Farm management, (1495), 5070. 

Farms, 5050-5075. 

Fences,** 3340-3348. 

Fences, Sunk, 3346. 

Ferns, 2790. 

Fertilizers, 1853.1-1853.5. 

Field events, Areas for, 6584. 

Field hockey, see Hockey fields, 6594. 

Fieldhouses, see Playgrounds — Build- 
ings, 6536. 

Filing systems for landscape architect's 
office, see Landscape architec- 
ture — Professional practice. 
Office organization and equip- 
ment, 1235. 

Finals, Post, see Posts and post- 
finials, 3318. 

Fireplaces, Outdoor, 6037. 

Fish ponds, see Lakes, ponds, etc., 
1680-1686; Pools, basins, etc., 
3448. 

Floriculture, 2750. 

See also Horticulture. 

Flower, see Flowers (popular writings) ; 
Plants — Flower, 1920, etc. 

Flower beds, see Carpet beds, 2733; 
Herbaceous beds and borders, 
2731. 

Flower color, sec Plants — Flower, 
1922, etc. 



106 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Flower gardens, see Gardens, Cut- 
flower, 4525—1545; Gardens, 
Herbaceous, 4421-444S. 

Flower pots and boxes (Ornamental), 
3466. 
See also Urns, vases, etc.; Win- 
dow boxes. 

Flowers (popular writings), 1920. 

Flowers for cutting, see Herbaceous 
plants, Cut-flower, 2793. 

Foliage, see Plants — Foliage, 1905- 
19 is, etc. 

Foliage plants, see Plants — Foliage, 
1905, etc. 

Football fields, 6581. 

Footpaths, see Paths, 3640-(364S). 

Forecourts, 3027. 1. 

Foregrounds, in landscape composi- 
tion, see Landscape composi- 
tion, 1178. 

Forest reservations,** 0126-0144. 

See also Woodlands; and head- 
ings beginning: Forests and 
forestry. 

Forest trees, see Trees; Forests* and 
forestry; 2350. 

Forests and forestry (Library of Con- 
gress Classification, SD). 

Forests and forestry, Esthetic, 3925. 
See also Woodlands. 

Forests and forestry, Municipal, 6139. 

Forests and forestry, National, 6135. 

Forests and forestry, Private, 6141. 

Forests and forestry, State, 6137. 

Form — In landscape composition, see 
Shape — In landscape compo- 
sition, 1137-1138. 

Form of plants, see Plants — Habit 
and shape, 1935-(1955), etc. 

Formal design, see Landscape design 
— Styles. Formal, 1036. 

Formal gardens, see Gardens, Formal, 
4272. 

Formal grading, see Grading, 1431- 
1433; Panels, Sunk, 3240; 
Parterres, 3217: Terraces, 
3230-3234; etc. 

Formal parks, see Parks, Formal, 602s, 
etc. 

Formal styles of landscape design, sec 
Landscape design — Styles. 
Formal, 1036; and ot her special 



subdivisions relating to specific 
formal styles, e.g., Italian Re- 
naissance. 

Foundations (of structures), 3335. 

Fountain basins, see Fountains, 3446- 
3447; Pools, basins, etc., 3448. 

Fountains ' 3446-3447. 

See oho Drinking fountains; Pools, 
basins, etc. 

Fountains, Wall, 3447. 

" Freak " plants, see Plant curiosi- 
ties, 1895, etc. 

Freehand drawing, see Drawing, Free- 
hand, 1251. 

French curves, see Drawing instru- 
ments, 1251.5. 

French Grand style of landscape de- 
sign, see Landscape design — 
Styles. French Grand. Le 
Notre, 236. 

French informal style of landscape 
design, see Landscape design — 
Styles. French informal, 238. 

French Renaissance style of landscape 
design, see Landscape design — 
Styles. French Renaissance, 
233. 

Front turns, see Turnarounds, 3627. 

Fruit (of plants in general), see Plants 
— Fruit, 1925, etc. 

Fruit-culture, 2150. 

Fruit gardens, see Gardens, Fruit, 
4414. 

Fruit trees, 2225. 

See also Orchards. 

Fruit trees, Trained, 2135. 

Full-sized details, see Plans, Detail, 
1278. 

Furniture, Garden, see Garden furni- 
ture, 3425-3486; Seats, Car- 
den, 3482-3484; Tables, Gar- 
den, 3486. 



Game preserves (Private), 5048. 

Games and sports — Grounds, see 
Sports and games — Grounds, 
6580-6594. 

(lames for playgrounds, see Play- 
grounds — Games, 6520. 

1 If l lie City Planning Classification and 
headings are also used, Fountains may be 
divided into Garden and Civic. 



107 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Garage yards, see Garages and garage 
yards, 3130. 

Garages and garage yards, 3130. 
See also Service yards. 

Garden arches, 3472. 

Garden contests, see Gardens, Vege- 
table, 4525; Yard improve- 
ment, 565. 

Garden entrances, see Gates and Gate- 
ways, Garden, 3362. 

Garden furniture,** 3425-3486. 

See also names of special objects, 
e.g., Fountains; Sundials; etc. 

( larden gates, see Gates and gateways, 
Garden, 3362. 

Garden houses, see Arbors, 3160; 
Gazebos, 3153; Pavilions, 
shelters, etc., 3155. 

Garden pottery, see Pottery, Garden, 
3430m7. 

Garden seats, see. Seats, Garden, 3482- 
3484. 

Garden tables, 3486. 

Garden theaters, see Theaters, Gar- 
den, 3195. 

Gardener's yards, 3138. 

Gardeners, 1222.5. 

" Gardenesque " style of landscape 
design, see Landscape design — 
Styles. Informal, 1037. 

Gardening, see Gardens; Gardens — ■ 
Construction and maintenance; 
Horticulture. 

Gardens,** 4200-(4575), 4701-4884. 
(Geographical subdivision to 
be used.) 
See aho Botanical gardens; Con- 
cert gardens; Estates (Private); 
Plants. 

— Adaptation to topography, 4352, 

— Color effects, 4450. 

— Construction and maintenance, 

4470. 
See also Landscape construction 
and maintenance. 

— Definition, 4202. 

— Design, 4250-4465. 

— Exhibitions, 4405. 

— History and description, 4475- 

(4480). 
See also Landscape architecture 
— History. 



Gardens (continued). 

— In literature, 4225. 

— In parks, 6034.5. 

— Lighting, 4398. 

— Night effects, 439S. 

See also Gardens — Lighting. 

— Seasonal effects, 4391-4395. (Sub- 

divide: Spring, Summer, Au- 
tumn. Winter.) 

— Styles (General), see Landscape 

design — Styles, 4270-(4280). 
For different kinds of gardens, 
see headings beginning Gar- 
dens, e.g., Gardens, Alpine; 
Gardens, Formal. 

— 17se, 4230. 
Gardens, Alpine, 4441. 

See also Gardens, Rock; Plants, 
Alpine. 
Gardens, Ancient, 215-224. 

See also Landscape architecture 

— History. Ancient; Land- 
scape design — Styles. Clas- 
sic; Landscape design — Styles. 
Egyptian and M esopotamian. 

Gardens, Annual, 4431. 

See also Herbaceous plants, An- 
nual. 

Gardens, Autumn, see Gardens — 
Seasonal effects. Autumn, 4394. 

Gardens, Babylonian, see Gardens, 
Ancient; Landscape architec- 
ture — History, Ancient; Land 
scape design — Styles . Egyptia n 
and Mesopotamian; 217. 

Gardens, Backyard, 4384. 

Gardens, Bird, 4465. 

Gardens, Bog and marsh, 4443. 

See also Plants, Bog and marsh. 

Gardens, Botanical, see Botanical gar- 
dens, 5800-5825. 

Gardens, Bulb, 4437. 

See also Bulbous plants. 

Gardens, Children's, 4460. 

Gardens, Chinese, see Gardens — 
China, 4865; Landscape design 

— Styles. Chinese, 244. 
Gardens, Colonial, see Gardens — ■ 

U. S. Colonial, 4706; Gar- 
dens, " Old-fashioned," 4465. 
Gardens, Concert, see Concert gar- 
dens, 5730-5745. 



108 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Gardens, Courtyard, see Courtyards, Gardens, Monastic, 226 



4386. 
Gardens, Cut-flower, 4525-4545. 
Gardens, Dooryard, 4382. 
Gardens, Egyptian, see Gardens — 

Egypt, 4875; Landscape design 

— Styles. Egyptian and Meso- 
polamian, 217. 

Gardens, English, sec Gardens — 
Great Britain, 4785; Land- 
scape design — Stijles. Eng- 
lish Renaissance. Tudor. Eliz- 
abethan, 234. 

Gardens, Fern, 4440. 
See also Ferns, 

Gardens, Flower, see Gardens, Cut- 
flower, 4525-4545; Gardens, 
Herbaceous, 4421-4448. 

Gardens, Formal, 427-' 

Gardens, French, see Gardens — 
France, 4797; Landscape design 

— Styles. French Renaissance, 
233; Landscape design — StyU s. 
French Grand. Le Notre, 236. 

Gardens, Fruit, 4414. 

Gardens, German, see Gardens — 
Germany, 4799; Landscape de- 
sign — Styles. German formal, 
1897-, 240. 

Gardens, " Hanging," see Gardens, 
Terraced, 4362. 

Gardens, Herbaceous, 4421-4448. 
See also Herbaceous plants. 

Gardens, Hillside, 4362. 

See also Gardens, Terraced. 

Gardens, Hilltop, 4364. 

Gardens, Indian, see Gardens — India, 
4851 ; Landscape design — 
Styles. Indian. Moghul, 247. 

Gardens, Informal, 4273. 

Gardens, Italian, see Gardens — Italy, 
4803 ; Landscape design — 
Styles. Italian Renaissance. 
Baroque, 232. 

Gardens, Japanese, see Gardens — 
Japan, 4867; Landscape de- 
sign — Styles. Japanese, 245. 

( iardens, Marsh, see Gardens, Bog and 
marsh, 4443. 

Gardens, Mediaeval, 225-228. 

See also Gardens, Monastic; Pleas- 
ances, Mediaeval. 



Gardens, Naturalistic, 4274. 
See also Gardens, Wild. 
Gardens, " Old-fashioned," 4465. 

See also Gardens — U. S. Colo- 
nial; Landscape design — 
Styles. American Colonial. 
Gardens, Orchard, see Gardens, Fruit, 

4414. 
Gardens, Perennial, 4433. 

See also Herbaceous plants, Peren- 
nial. 
Gardens, Persian, see Gardens — Persia, 
4847; Landscape design — 
Styles. Persian, 246. 
Gardens, Pleasure, see Gardens, 4225- 

(4480). 
Gardens, Public, 6400-6450. 
Gardens, Reserve, 4525-4545. 
Gardens, Rock, 4441. 

See also Gardens, Alpine; Plants, 
Rock. 
Gardens, Roof, see Roof gardens, 4388. 
Gardens, Rose, 4418. 

See also Roses, Garden. 
Gardens, Scented, 4448. 

See also Plants — Scent. 
Gardens, School, 4460. 
Gardens, Seashore, 4355. 
Gardens, Service, 4525-4545. 
Gardens, Shakesperian, 4465. 
Gardens, Shrub, 4416. 

See also Shrubs. 
Gardens, Small, 4455. 
Gardens, Spanish, .see Gardens — 
Spain, 4823; Landscape de- 
sign — Styles. Moorish, 231. 
(iardens, Specimen, 4405. 

See also Botanical gardens; Gar- 
dens — Exhibitions; Plants, 
Specimen. 
Gardens, Spring, see Gardens — Sea- 
sonal effects. Spring, 4392. 
Gardens, Sunken, 4455. 

See also Panels, Sunk. 
Gardens, Tea, 5730-5745. 
Gardens, Terraced, 4362. 

Sec also (iardens, Hillside. 
( Iardens, Topiary, 4412. 

Sic also Topiary work. 
( Iardens, Tropical, 4351. 
(iardens. Vegetable, 4525-4545. 



109 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Gardens, Vegetable — Diseases nml 
pests, 1865. 

Gardens, Vegetable, Decorative, 4536. 

Gardens, Wall, 4441. 

See also Plants, Rock. 

Gardens, Water and Waterside, 4354, 
4442. 
.SeeaZsoGardens, Seashore; Plants, 
Water. 

Gardens, Wild, 4439. 

See also Gardens, Naturalistic; 
Plants, Native; Plants, Wild- 
garden. 

Gardens, Winter, see Gardens — Sea- 
sonal effects. Winter, 4395. 

Gardens, Zoological, sec Zoological 
parks, 5750-5775. 

Garlands, between posts, 33 41 m'J. 

Gas-lighting, 3768. 

Gas-pipes, 3768. 

Gate-lodges, 3125. 

Gates** and gateways, 3350-3362. 

Gates and gateways, Covered, 
3363. 

Gates and gateways, Entrance to es- 
tates, etc., 3361. 

Gates and gateways, Garden, 3362. 
See also Garden arches. 

Gateways, see Gates and gateways, 
3350-3362. 

Gazebos, 3153. 

Gazing globes, 3469. 

General plans, see Plans, General, 
1276. 

Geology, 1640, 1852.1. 

.See also Ground tonus — In 
landscape. 

" Geometrical " styles of landscape 
design, see Landscape design — 
Styles. Formal. 1036 

German formal style. 1S97-, see 
Landscape design — Styles. 
German formal. 1897-, 210. 

Glossaries of landscape architecture, 
. see Landscape architecture — 
Dictionaries, etc., 190. 

Golf clubs, see Country clubs — 
Grounds, 5100 5125; Golf 
courses, 05S9. 

Golf courses, 6589. 

" Good roads," sei Roads Improve- 
ment, 570. 



Grading, 1431-1433. 

.See also Roadside grading. 

Grading plans, see Plans, Grading, 
I27S. 

Grafting, 1860.1. 
Grand" style of landscape design, 
see Landscape design — Styles. 
1'rinch Grand. Le Ndtrc, 236. 

Craphical scales, see Scales, Graphical, 
1315. 

Grasses, 2788. 

Gratings, Tree, si e Tree grat ings, 3420. 

Gravel (as material of mads and 
paths), see Roads, Gravel, 
3610m8.5. 

Gravel beaches, >, lScachcs, 1701. 

Grazing line, 2110. 

Greek style of landscape design, see 
Landscape design — Styles. 
Classic, 219. 

Greenhouse and house plants. 2042, 
2796-2797. 

Greenhouses, (1864), 3140. 

Greens, Bowling, see Bowling greens, 
3211, 6592. 

Grilles, 3316.5. 

Grottoes, 3185. 

Ground, sec Ground forms — /// Uiml- 
scape; Ground surface model- 
ling; 1600-1790. 

Ground cover, 2050, 2050, 2950. 
See also Grasses. 

Ground forms** — In landscape, 
1600-1790. 
See also Geology. 

Ground surface modelling, 1785. 
See also Slopes. 

( ! rounds, see the subdivision: Ground.-: 
under the special types of land- 
scape designs (accordingto use), 
e.g., Country clubs — Grounds, 
etc. 

Groves, see Bosquets, 2145; Music 
groves, 6034; Picnic groves, 
6334; Woodlands, 3925. 

( Iroynes, see Shores — Structural treat- 
ment, 3263. 

Guards, Lawn, Tree, etc., see Lawn 
guards, 3120; Tree guards, 
3421; etc. 

(lull ers. 3620. 

Gymnasiums, 6536. 



110 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND I-NDEX 



H 

" Ha-has," see Fences, Sunk, 3346. 
Habit of plants, see Plants — Habit 

and shape, 1935-(1955), etc. 
Half-tone cuts, see Reproduction of 

drawings — Half-tone cuts, 1308. 
Harmony, in landscape composition, 

see Landscape composition, 

1115. 
Heating, 3762-3763. 
Heating — Central station systems, 

3763. 
Hedges, 1827, (2055), 2127. 2427. 

•See also Border plantations; 

Windbreaks. 
Henhouses, see Farm buildings, 3105. 
Herbaceous beds, see Herbaceous beds 

and borders, 2731-2733. 
Herbaceous beds and borders, 2720, 

2724, 2731-2733. 
Herbaceous borders, see Herbaceous 

beds and borders, 2724. 
Herbaceous edgings, see Edgings, 

Herbaceous, 2729. 
Herbaceous gardens, see Gardens, Her- 
baceous, 4421-4448. 
Herbaceous plants,** 2700-2969. 
Herbaceous plants — Diseases and 

pests, 1865. 
Herbaceous plants — Special colors, 

2822. 
Herbaceous plants — Special seasons, 

2823. 
Herbaceous plants, Annual, 2781. 

See also Gardens, Annual. 
Herbaceous plants, Biennial. 2782. 
Herbaceous plants, Cut-flower, 2793. 

Sec also Gardens, Cut-flower. 
Herbaceous plants, Perennial, 2783. 

iSee also Gardens, Perennial. 
Herbaceous vines, see Vines, climbers, 

etc., 2785. 
Herbs, Sweet, 2798. 
Hermae, 3463. 
Hill and mountain reservations and 

parks, 6230-6234. 
Hills and mountains, 1760-1706. 
Hillside estates, see Estates (Private), 

Hillside, 4913. 
Hillside gardens, see Gardens, Hillside, 

4362. 



Hilltop estates, see Estates (Private), 
Hilltop, 4914. 

Hilltop gardens, see Gardens, Hilltop, 
4364. 

Historic features** in landscape, 
6246. 

Historic styles of landscape, design, 
see Landscape design — Styles, 
210-249, (1049). 

History of landscape architecture, see 
Landscape architecture — His- 
tory, 210-249. 

Hitching posts, 3418. 

Hockey fields, 6594. 

Hockey rinks, see Skating rinks; 
Winter sports, Areas for; 6593. 

Home playgrounds, see Playgrounds, 
Home, 6567. 

Horticultural tools, see Tools, Horti- 
cultural, 1872-1872.3. 

Horticulture** (Library of Congress 
Classification, SB), 1850-(1874), 
1875, etc. 

Hospitals,** asylums, etc. — Grounds, 
5200-5225. 

Hotbeds and cold frames, (1864), 3145. 

Hotels** — Grounds, 5150-5175. 
See also Recreation camps. 

Hothouses, see Greenhouses (1864), 
3140. 

Hour of day, as affecting landscape 
effects, 1070. 

House grounds, see Estates (Private), 
4700-5048; Yard improve- 
ment, 565. 

House lots, see Estates (Private), 
House-lot, 4925-4945. 

House plants, see Greenhouse and 
house plants, 2042, 2797. 

House terraces, see Terraces, House, 
3234. 

Houses, 3060. 

Houses, Country, 3066. 

See also Estates (Private), Coun- 
try. 

Houses, Small, 3062. 

See also Estates (Private), House- 
lot. 

Houses, Suburban, 3064. 

See also Estates (Private), Sub- 
urban. 

Hydrants, 3728. 



Ill 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



i 

Ice houses, see Farm buildings, 3105. 

Illusions — In landscape composition, 
1160. 

Implements, Horticultural, see Tools, 
Horticultural, 1872-1872.3. 

Indian (Moghul) style of landscape 
design, see Landscape design — 
Styles. Indian. Moghid, 247. 

Informal design, see Landscape design 
— Styles. Informal, 1037. 

Informal gardens, see Gardens, Infor- 
mal, 4273. 

Informal styles of landscape design, 
see Landscape design — Styles. 
Informal, 1037. 

Insect pests, 1867-1868.3. 

Instruments (general), for the use of 
the landscape architect, see 
Landscape architecture — Pro- 
fessional practice. Office organi- 
zation and equipment, 1233.2. 

Instruments, Drawing, see Drawing 
instruments, 1251.5. 

Ironwork, 3000mS. 

Irrigation, 1854-1854.1, 3750-3753. 

Islands, 1710. 

Italian styles of landscape design, see 

Landscape design Styles. 

Italian Renaissance. Baroque, 
232. 

J 

Japanese styles of landscape design, 
see Landscape design — Styles. 
Japanese, 245. 

Jets, Water, see Fountains, 3446. 



Kitchen gardens, see Gardens, Vege- 
table, 4525-4545. 

Knots, 2734, 

L 

Labels, Plant, see Plant labels. 1873. 

Labor, 1221.8. 

Labyrinths, see Mazes, 3180. 

Lake and pond reservations and parks, 
6210-6214, 6660. 

Lakes, ponds, etc., 16N0 1686. 

Land subdivision,** Residential, 7100 

Landscape,** 1050-1055, 3900-3975. 



Landscape (continual ) . 

See also Landscape preservation; 
Reservations, Landscape. 

Landscape** — Types, 3900-3975. 
See also Meadows; Pastoral land- 
scape; Tropical landscape; 
Woodlands: etc. 

Landscape appreciation,** 1020. 

Landscape architect, see Landscape 
architecture. 

Landscape architect's office, sec Land- 
scape architecture — Profes- 
sional practice. Office organiza- 
tion and equipment, 1230-1239. 

Landscape architecture,** 250-294. 
(General works, essays, out- 
lines, tables, etc. i 

** — Bibliography, 0. 

**— Biography, 200-205. 
— Classification, 254. 

— Competitions, 1225. 

— Competitive examinations, 1228. 
** — Congresses, (40)-46. 

— Definition, 302. 

— Design, sec Landscape design, 

1000-1199. 
** — Dictionaries, etc., 190. 
** — Directories, 195. 

— Examinations, see Landscape 

architecture — Competitive ex- 
aminations, 122S; Landscape 
architecture — Professional 
practice. Registration examina- 
tions, 1215. 

**— Exhibitions, (50)-65. 

See also Gardens — Exhibitions; 
Landscape improvement — Ex- 
hibitions. 

**— History, 210-241). 

Seealso Landscape design — Styles. 

— History. Ancient. 215 224. 

— History. Mediaeeal, 225-228. 

— History. Modem, 230-242. 

— History. Oriental, 243-248. 

— Lectures, 265-270. 

See also Landscape improvement 

— Lectures. 

** — Legislation, 700. 

Sic also Contracts and specifica- 
tions; Landscape architecture 

— Professional practice. Legal 
, elations. 



112 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Landscape architecture (continued). 
**— Museums, (70)-85. 

— Name, 302. 

**— Periodicals, (1)-14. 

— Professional opportunities, 320- 

324. 
** — Professional practice, 1200-13.57. 
See also Contractors; Landscape 
architecture — Competitions; 
Landscape architecture — Tech- 
nical procedure; Nurserymen. 

— Professional practice. Advertis- 

ing and publicity, 1223. 

— Professional practice. Announce- 

ments, 1224. 

— Professional practice. Charges, 

1212. 

— Professional practice. Cooperor 

lion, 1220. 

— Professional practice. Legal re- 

lations, 1213. 
See also Landscape architecture 

— Professional practice. Regis- 
tration. 

— Professional practice. Office or- 
ganization and equipment, 1230- 
1239. 

— Professional practice. Registra- 

tion, 1215. 

— Professional practice. Registra- 

tion examinations, 1215. 

— Professional practice. Reports, 

1245, 1342. 

**— Societies, (20)-39. 

"*— Study and teaching, 900-998. 
See also Landscape architecture — 
Study tours; Landscape archi- 
tecture — Travelling fellow- 
ships; Landscape improve- 
ment — Study and teaching 
(Public schools) ; Landscape 
improvement — University ex- 
tension. 

— Study tours, 947. 

— Styles, see Landscape design — 

Styles, 210-249, 1034-(1047). 
**— Technical procedure, 1200-1357. 
See also Landscape architecture 

— Professional practice; Land- 
scape construction and main- 
tenance. 

— Travelling fellowships, 94li. 



Landscape architecture (continued). 
— War service, 323. 
** — Yearbooks, 15. 
Landscape character,** 1050-(1055). 

See also Landscape — Types. 
Landscape composition,** 1100-1199. 
See also Atmosphere; Axial ar- 
rangements; Color; Illusions; 
Light and shade; Movement; 
Night effects; Outlooks; Per- 
spective; Scale; Seasonal ef- 
fects; Shape; Silhouette; 
Texture; Vistas. 
Landscape construction ** and main- 
tenance, 1400-(1490). 
See also Subdivision: Construc- 
tion and maintenance, under 
Types (according to use), e.g., 
Gardens, Parks, etc. 
Landscape construction and main- 
tenance — Cost, 1402-1404. 
Landscape construction** and main- 
tenance — Superintendence, 
1355-1357. 
Landscape design,** 911-915, 1000- 
1199, 1246, 1346. 
See also subdivision Design under 
the special Types (according to 
use), e.g., Gardens, Parks, etc. 
** — Economic theory, (1005), 1608, 
1808, 3008. 
See also Landscape designs — 
Types, according to use. 
**— Esthetic theory, 1010-1079. 

See also Landscape character; 
Landscape composition ; Land- 
scape effects; Style — In land- 
scape design. 
**— Presentation, 1250-1346. 

See also headings beginning: Rep- 
resentation . 
**— Styles,' 210-249, 1034-(1049). 
See also Style — In landscape 
design. 

— Styles. American Colonial. 'M'Jgt't. 

— Styles. American landscape. 

Olmsted, 239. 

1 The names of the styles following are those 
most often recognized. Others may be added 
in corresponding form. If it is desirable to 
have an indication for styles occurring outside 
the country of their origin, parentheses con- 
taining the phrase, e.g., {in U.S.), (in Ger- 
many), may be added. 



113 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Landscape design (continued). 

— Styles. Chinese, 244. 

— Styles. Classic, 219, 1042. 

— Styles. Dutch, 235. 

— Styles. Egyptian and Mesopo- 

tamian, 217. 

— Styles. English "Landscape 

School," 237. 

— Styles. English Renaissance. 

Tudor. Elizabethan, 234. 

— Styles. Formal, 1036. 

See also names of styles charac- 
terized by formal design; e.g., 
French Grand; Italian Renais- 
sance. 

— Styles. French Grand. Le Notre, 

236. 

— Styles. French informal, 238. 

— Styles. French Renaissance, 233. 

— Styles. German formal. 1S97-, 

240. 

— Styles. Greek, see Landscape de- 

sign — Styles, 'Classic, 219. 

— Styles. Indian. Moghul, 247. 

— Styles. Informal, 1037. 

See also Landscape design — 
Styles. American landscape. 
Olmsted; Landscape design — 
Styles. English "Landscape 
School "; Landscape design — 
Styles. French informal; Land- 
scape design — Styles. Romantic. 

— Styles. Italian Renaissance' Ba- 

roque, 232. 

— Styles. Japanese, 245. 

— Styles. Landscape, see Landscape 

design — Styles. American 
landscape, 239; — Landscape 
design — Styles. English 

" Landscape School," 237. 

— Styles. Monastic, see Gardens, 

Monastic, 226. 

— Styles. Moorish, 231. 

— Styles. Naturalistic, 1040. 

See also Landscape design — 
Styles. American landscape. 
Olmsted; Landscape design — 
Styles. Japanese; Landscape 
design — Styles. Romantic. 

— Styles. Persian, 246. 

— Styles. Roman, see. Landscape 

design — Styles. Classic, 219. 



Landscape design (continued). 

— Styles. Romantic, 1043. 
Landscape designs** — Types, accord- 
ing to use, 4000-6800 + . 

See also names of types; e.g., 
Gardens, Parks, etc. 

Landscape drawing, see Drawing, 
Landscape, 1251; Representa- 
tion of landscape forms, 1320- 
1330. 

Landscape effects,** 1060-1079. 

Landscape extension, see Landscape 
improvement — University ex- 
tension, 515. 

Landscape forestry, see Forests and 
forestry, Esthetic, 3925. 

Landscape gardening, see Landscape 
architecture. 

Landscape improvement,** 500-590. 
See also Billboards; Roads — 
Improvement; Roadside plant- 
ing; Rural improvement; War 
memorials; Yard improve- 
ment. 

** — Educational campaigns, 540-54S. 

— Exhibitions, 546. 

— Lectures, 542. 

— Societies, 513. 

— Study and teaching (Public 

schools), 548. 

— University extension, 515. 
Landscape maintenance, see Land- 
scape construction and main- 
tenance, 1400-U490). 

Landscape painting, 1107. 

Landscape parks, see Parks, Land- 
scape, 6029, etc. 

Landscape preservation,** 6190- 
6230. 
See also Landscape — Types; Res- 
ervations, Landscape. 

Landscape reservations, see Reser- 
vations, Landscape, 6190- 
6230. 

" Landscape School," see Landscape 
design — Styles. English 

" Landscape School," 237. 

Landscape style, see Landscape design 
— Styles. American landscape 
style. Olmsted, 231); Landscape 
design — Styles. English 

" Landscape School," 237; etc. 

14 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Landscape superintendence, see 
Landscape construction and 
maintenance — Superintend- 
ence, 1355-1357. 
Lanes, 3633. 

Lantern slides, Landscape architec- 
ture (General collections), 288. 
Lanterns, Garden, 3468. 
Lattices, trellises, treillage, etc., 

3300ml. 3, 3430ml.3. 
Laundry yards, 3134. 
Lawn grasses, see Grasses, 2788. 
Lawn guards, 3421. 
Lawn mowers, 1872.3. 
Lawn sprinkling, see Watering — 

Lawns, 1854.1. 
Lawn tennis courts, see Tennis courts, 

3025, 6590. 
La w ns, 2735. 

See also Bowling greens; Croquet 
lawns, etc.; Grasses; Panels, 
Turf; Turf. 
Leadwork, 3000ra8. 
Lectures on landscape architecture, 
see Landscape architecture — 
Lectures, 265-270; Landscape 
improvement — Lectures, 542. 
Ledges, see Rocks — In landscape, 

1773. 
Legal aspects of landscape architec- 
ture, see Landscape architec- 
ture — Legislation, 700; Land- 
scape architecture — Profes- 
sional practice. Legal relations, 
■ 1213. 
Legislation relating to landscape arch- 
itecture, see Landscape ar- 
chitecture — Legislation, 700; 
Landscape architecture — Pro- 
fessional practice. Legal re- 
lations, 1213; Landscape archi- 
tecture — Professional practice. 
Registration, 1215; Parks — 
Legislation, 6014. 
Le Notre, Style of, see Landscape de- 
sign — Styles. French (hand. 
Le Notre, 236. 
Lettering, 1310. 

Libraries** — Grounds, 5530-5545. 
Lichens, see Mosses, lichens, etc., 
2790.5. 

1 



Light and shade — In landscape com- 
position, 1150-1154. 

Lighting, 3760. 

See also Electric lighting; Gar- 
dens — Lighting; Gas-lighting ; 
Parks — Lighting; ' Play- 
grounds — Lighting. 

Line cuts, see Reproduction of draw- 
ings — Line cuts, 1307. 

Line drawing, see Drawing, Line, 1290. 

Lithographs, see Reproduction of 
drawings — Lithographs, 1305. 

Lots, Cemetery, see Cemeteries — 
Lots, 5914. 

Lots, House, sec Estates (Private), 
House-lot, 4925-4945. 

Lych gates, see Gates and gateways, 
Covered, 3363. 

M 

Macadam roads, see Roads, Mac- 
adam, 3610m7.5. 

Maintenance, Landscape, see Land- 
scape construction and main- 
tenance, 1400-U490). 

Management of types of landscape 
designs, according to use 
(1495), see under the special 
types, e.g., Estate manage- 
ment; Farm management; 
Parks — Administration; etc. 

Manholes, 3733. 

Manures, see Fertilizers, 1853.2, 1853.5. 

Manuscripts, Landscape architecture 
(General collections), 292. 

Maps, Topographical, see Topographi- 
cal maps, 1241. 

Marine parks, see Seashore reserva- 
tions and parks, 6655. 

Marsh gardens, see Gardens, Bog and 
marsh, 4443. 

Marsh plants, see Plants, Bog and 
marsh, 1996, etc. 

Marshes, 1720-1726. 

Marshes, Fresh, 1726. 

Marshes, Salt, 1724. 

Masonry, 3000m3-6. 

Materials of construction, 3000. 

See also Names of special mate- 
rials, e.g., Brick, Concrete, etc. 

Mazes, 3190. 

Meadows, 3948. 

15 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Mediaeval gardens, see Gardens, Me- 
diaeval, 225-228; Gardens, 
Monastic, 226; Pleasances, Me- 
diaeval, 227. 

Mediaeval history of landscape archi- 
tecture, see Landscape archi- 
tecture — History. Mediaeval, 
225-228. 

Mediaeval pleasances, see Pleasances, 
Mediaeval, 227. 

Medicinal plants, see Plants, Medici- 
nal, 2067. 

Metalwork, 3000m8. 

See also Bronzework; Ironwork; 
Lead work. 

Metropolitan parks, see Parks, Met- 
ropolitan and county, 6120. 

Military reservations, 6260. 

Moats, 3492. 

Models, 1331-1339. 

Modern history of landscape archi- 
tecture, see Landscape archi- 
tecture — History. Modern, 
230-242. 

Moghul (Indian) style of landscape 
design, see Landscape design — 
Styles. Indian. Moghul, 247. 

Mohammedan styles of landscape de- 
sign, see Landscape design — 
Styles, subdivisions: Indian. 
Moghul, 247; Moorish, 231; 
Persian, 246. 

Monastic gardens, see Gardens, Mo- 
nastic, 226. 

Monotony, in landscape composition, 
see Landscape composition, 1 120. 

Monuments, 3440. 

Monuments — In cemeteries, 5916. 

Monuments, National, see Historic 
features in landscape, (6230) ; 
Parks, National, 6110. 

Monuments, Natural, see Natural 
monuments, 6244. 

Moorish style of landscape design, see 
Landscape design — Styles. 
Moorish, 231. 

Mosses, lichens, etc., 2790.5. 

Motor race-tracks, see Race-tracks, 
Motor, 6586. 

Motoring, Provision for in large land- 
scape parks, see Parks — Use, 
6010; Parks — Roads, 6039. 



Mountain reservations and parks, see 

Hill and mountain reservations 

and parks, 6230-6234. 
Mountains and hills, see Hills and 

mountains, 1760-1766. 
Mounting blocks, 341S. 
Mounts (in Tudor gardens), 3243. 
Movement — In landscape composi- 
tion, 1158. 
See also Animals — In landscape: 

Crowds — In landscape. 
Municipal forests, see Forests and 

forestry, Municipal, 6139. 
Municipal landscape reservations, see 

Reservations, Landscape, 6190- 

6230. 
Municipal parks, see Parks, Municipal, 

6120. 
Municipal water-supply areas, see 

Water-supply reservations, 

6150-6172. 
" Museum " gardens, see Botanical 

gardens, 5800-5825. 
Museums** — Grounds, 5530-5545. 
Museums of landscape architecture, 

see Landscape architecture — 

Museums, (70)-85. 
Music courts, 3198, 6034. 
Music groves, see Music courts, 6034. 

N 

Name of profession of landscape arch- 
itecture, see Landscape archi- 
tecture — Name, 302. 

Names, Plant, see Plant names, ( 1874 I, 
1876. 

National forests, see Forests and fores- 
try, National, 6135. 

National monuments, see Historic 
features in landscape, (6240); 
Parks, National, 6110. 

National parks, see Parks, National, 
6110. 

National planning,** 9000. 

Native plants, see Plants, Native (and 
note), 1877, etc., 2789. 

Natural monuments,** 6244. 

Natural scenery, see Landscape, 1050- 
(1055), 3900-3975. 

Naturalistic design, see Landscape 
design — Styles. Naturalistic, 
1040. 



116 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Naturalistic gardens, see Gardens, 
Naturalistic, 4274; Gardens, 
Wild, 4439. 

Naturalistic styles of landscape design, 
see Landscape design — Styles. 
Naturalistic, 1040. 

Naturalized plants, see Plants, Wild- 
garden, (2048), 2789. 

Neighborhood parks, see Parks, Neigh- 
borhood, 6400-6450. 

Niches, 3319. 

Night effects — In landscape compo- 
sition, 1154. 
See also Gardens — Night effects. 

Northpoints, 1315. 

Nuisances, Plant, see Plant nuisances, 
2069, 2969. 

Nurseries (Plant), 1871. 

Nurseries (Plant) — Catalogues, 1238. 

Nurserymen, 1222. 

O 

Offices of landscape architects, see 
Landscape architecture — Pro- 
fessional practice. Office organ- 
ization and equipment, 1230- 
1239. 

" Old-fashioned " gardens, see Gar- 
dens, " Old-fashioned," 4465. 

Olmstedian style of landscape design, 
see Landscape design — Styles. 
American landscape. Olmsted, 
239. 

Orangeries, 3180. 

Orchard gardens, sec Gardens, Fruit, 
4414. 

Orchards, 2140. 

See also Fruit trees. 

Oriental landscape architecture, see 
Landscape architecture — His- 
tory. Oriental; Landscape de- 
sign — Styles. Chinese; Jap- 
anese; etc.; 243-248. 

Orientation, 1152. 

" Ornamental water," see Water — In 
landscape, 1660; Water features 
(architectural and sculptural), 
3445-3452. 

Outdoor life, 305. (Landscape archi- 
tecture as promoting.) 

Outdoor recreation areas, see Camps, 

1 



Recreation, 5180-5195; Parks, 
6000-6800+ ; Playgrounds, 
6500-6595; Reservations, Pub- 
lic, 6100-6260; Waterfronts 
Recreational, 6600-6665. 

Outdoor theaters, see Theaters, Out- 
door, 3198. 

Outlooks, 1197, 3153. 

See also Gazebos; Towers. 

Overhead wires, see Wires, Overhead, 
3718. 

Overlooks, see Outlooks, 1197, 3153. 



Pagodas, 3153. 

Painting, 1251. 

See also Landscape painting. 

Panels, Sunk, 3240. 

Panels, Turf, 2736. 

Pantagraphs, see Drawing instruments 
1251.5. 

Parapets, 3311. 

See also Balustrades; Copings; 
Railings. 

Park accounting, see Parks — Con- 
struction and maintenance. Cost 
accounting, 6041. 

Park cemeteries, see Cemeteries, 5909. 

Park commissions, see Parks — Com- 
missions, 6016. 

Park furniture, 6037, (6337), (6437). 

Park reports, see Parks — Reports, 
6020. 

Park seats, see Seats, Park, 6037, etc. 

Parks,** 6000-6800+. (Geographi- 
cal subdivision to be used.) 
See also Playgrounds; Reserva- 
tions, Public. 

— Administration, 6015. 

See also Parks — Commission*; 
Parks — Regulations. 

— Bridges, 6038. 

— Buildings, 6036, (6336), (6436). 
See also Parks — Restaurants; Pa- 
vilions, shelters, etc.; Play- 
grounds — Buildings; Service 
buildings and structures. 

— Commissions, 6016. 

— Concessions, 6022. 

See also Camps, Recreation; 
Parks — Restaurants. 

17 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Parks (continued). 

— Construction and maintenance, 

6040-6045, (6340-6345), (6440- 
6445). 

— Construction and maintenance. 

Cost accounting, 6041. 

— Design, 6025-6039, (6325), 

(6425). 
See also Gardens — In parks. 

— Entrances, 6039, (6339), (6439). 

— Legislation, 6014. 

— Lighting, 6037, (6337), (6437). 

— Nomenclature, 6001. 

— Paths, see Parks — Roads and 

paths, 6039, (6339), (6439). 

— Periodicals, 6002. 

— Planting, 6033, (6333), (6433). 

— Regulations, 6018. 

— Reports, 6020. 

— Restaurants, 6036, (6336), (6436). 
See also Restaurants, Outdoor. 

— Roads and paths, 6039, (6339), 

(6439). 

— Shelters, see Parks — Buildings, 

6036, (6336), (6436). 

— Societies, 6005. 

— Statistics, 6009. 

— Use, 6010. 

Parks, Amusement, see Amusement 

parks, 5700-5725. 
Parks, Country, see Parks, Landscape, 

6029, 6329. 
Parks, County, see Parks, Metropoli- 
tan and County, 6120. 
Parks, Formal, 6028, 6328, 6428. (Let 

attract in preference to Large 

and Small.) 
Parks, Hill and mountain, see Hill and 

mountain reservations and 

parks, 6230-6634. 
Parks, Lake and pond, see Lake and 

pond reservations and parks, 

6660. 
Parks, Landscape, 6029, 6329, 6429. 

(Let attract in preference to 

Large and Small.) 
Parks,** Large, 6300-6355. (Prefer 

Formal or Landscape to Large, 

if possible.) 
Parks, Metropolitan and county, 6120. 
Parks, Municipal, 6120. 
Parks, National, 6110. 



Parks, Neighborhood, 6400-6450. 
See also Parks, Small; Recrea- 
tion centers. 

Parks, River, see River reservations 
and parks, 6665. 

Parks, Seashore, tee Seashore reserva- 
tions and parks, 6655. 

Parks,** Small, 6400-6450. (Prefer 
Formal, Landscape, or Neigh- 
borhood, to Small, if possible.) 

Parks, State, 6115. 

Parks, Water, see Waterfronts, Recrea- 
tional, 6600-6665. 

Parks, Zoological, .see Zoological parks, 
5750-5775. 

Parterres, 3217. 

Pastel drawing, see Drawing, Pastel, 
1296. 

Pastoral landscape, 3945. 

Pastures, see Pastoral landscape, 
3945. 

Paths,** 3600-3620, 3640-(3648). 

See also Bicycle paths; Bridle 
paths; Stepping stones; Trails. 

Paths, Entrance to estates, etc., 3643. 

Pavements, 3610. 
See also Roads. 

Pavements, Asphalt, 3610?«6.2. 

Pavements, Bituminous, 3610?»6.2. 
See also Pavements, Asphalt. 

Pavements, Brick, 3610/«4. 

Pavements, Cement concrete, 3610/«6. 

Pavements, Concrete, see Pavements, 
Cement concrete, 3610m6. 

Pavements, Ornamental, 3615, 3642. 

Pavements, Stone, 3610;«5. 

Pavements, Tar, 3610m6.5. 

Pavements, Tile, 3610ra4. 

Pavements, Wood, 3610ml. 

Pavilions, shelters, etc., 3155. 

See also Arbors; Bandstands, 
Bath - houses ; Boat - houses ; 
Gazebos; Pagodas; Parks — 
Buildings; Pergolas; Tea 
houses. 

Pedestals, 3428. 

See also Monuments; Statuary; 
Sundials; Urns, vases, etc. 

Pen and ink drawing, see Drawing, 
Pen and ink, 1292. 

Pencil drawing, see Drawing, Pencil, 
1291. 



118 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Perennials (herbaceous plants), see 
Herbaceous plants, Perennial, 
2783. 

Pergolas, 3160. 

See also Arbors. 

Periodicals on landscape architecture, 
parks, etc., .see Landscape archi- 
tecture — Periodicals, (1)-14; 
Parks — Periodicals, 0002; 
Playgrounds — Periodicals, 
6502. 

Perrons, 3393. 

Persian style of landscape design, see 
Landscape design - - Styles. 
Persian, 246. 

Perspective, 1270-1274. 

Perspective — In landscape com posi- 
tion, 1155. 

Perspective, Aerial, see Atmosphere 
— In landscape composition, 
1156. 

Perspective, Atmospheric, see Atmos- 
phere — In landscape compo- 
sition, 1156. 

Perspective drawings, 1270-1274. 

Perspective drawings, Birdseye, 1274. 

Perspectives, see Perspective draw- 
ings, 1270. 

Pests, see Insect pests; Plants — 
Diseases and pests; Trees — 
Diseases and /lesls; etc.; 1865- 
1868.3. 

Photographic surveying, see Survey- 
ing, Photographic, 1241, 1244. 

Photographs (Reproduction of draw- 
ings), see Reproduction of draw- 
ings — Photographs, 1303. 

Photographs, Landscape architecture 
(General collections), 286. 

Photography, 1243. 

Photography, Aerial, 1244. 

.See also Surveying, Photographic, 
Aerial, 1244. 

Photolithographs, .see Reproduction 
of drawings — Lithographs, 
1305. 

Picnic groves, 6334. 

See also Fireplaces, Outdoor. 

Pictorial compositions, see Landscape 
composition, 1174-1185. 

Pictorial representation, see Repre- 
sentation (Graphic), 1270-1274. 

119 



" Picturesque," The, see Landscape 
design — Esthetic theory; Land- 
scape effects; 1066. 

Piers, Recreation, 6636. 

Piggeries, see Farm buildings, 3105. 

Piling, see Shores — Structural treat- 
ment, 3255. 

Pipe-laying, see Pipes and pipe-laying, 
(1420), 3710. 

Pipes** and pipe-laying, (1420), 3710. 
,S'ce also Aqueducts; Conduits, 
Electric; Gas-pipes; Sewer- 
pipes; Subsurface utilities; 
Water-pipes. 

Piping, see Pipes and pipe-laying, 
(1420), 3710. 

Plains, 1740. 

Planes of distance, in landscape com- 
position, see Landscape compo- 
sition, 1180. 

Planimeters, 1251.5. 

Plans, 1263-1285. 

Plans, Construction, 1278. 

Plans, Detail, 1278. 

Plans, General, 1276. 

Plans, Grading, 1278. 

Plans, Landscape Architecture (Gen- 
eral collections), 282. 

Plans, Planting, 1285. 

Plans, Preliminary, 1266. 

Plans, Show, see Landscape design — 
Presentation, 1251. 

Plans, Topographical, see Topographi- 
cal maps, 1241. 

Plant breeding, 1860.2. 

Plant introduction, 1862.1. 

Plant labels, 1873. 

Plant lists,' 1902, 2202, 2502, 2802. 

Plant materials of landscape design, 
see Planting design; Plants — 
In landscape; 1800-2969. 

Plant names, (1874), 1876. 

Plant naturalization, see Gardens, 
Wild, 4439; Plant introduc- 
tion, 1862.1; Plants, Wild- 
garden, (2048), 2789. 

Plant nuisances, 2069, 2969. 

.See also Poisonous plants; Weeds. 

Plant order lists, 1233.5. 

i The term Plant lists has been U9cd for 
lists of plants according to size, color, uses, 
etc.. as distinguished from Planting lists to 
accompany planting plans. 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Plant pots and boxes, see Flower pots 
and boxes; Tree boxes, pots, 
etc.; Window boxes; 3466-3467. 

Plant quarantine, 1865.4. 

Plant windows, 3140. 
See also Greenhouses. 

Plantations,** 1820-1849, 2120-2145, 
2420-2429, 2720-2741. 
See also Allees; Border planta- 
tions; Bosquets; Carpet beds; 
Edgings; Gardens; Ground 
cover; Hedges; Herbaceous 
beds and borders; Lawns; 
Orchards; Panels, Turf; Plant- 
ing design; Pleached alleys; 
Roadside planting; Screen 
plantations; Seashore plant- 
ing; Shrub beds; Topiary 
work; Tree and shrub groups; 
Waterside planting; Wind- 
breaks; Woodlands. 

— Maintenance, 1870. 

— Relation to buildings, 1841. 

— Relation to roads, see Roadside 

planting, 1848. 

— Relation to structures, 1840-1848. 

— Relation to topography, 1835. 

— Relation to water, see Seashore 

planting, 1839; Waterside 
planting, 1838. 

— Seasonal effects, 1834. (Subdivide: 

Spring, Summer, Autumn, Win- 
ter.) 
.See also Gardens — Seasonal ef- 
fects; Plants — Seasonal ap- 
pearance, 

— Thinning, 2110. 

See also Tree cutting (Landscape 
construction). 

Planting, see Plantations; Planting 
and transplanting; Planting 
design; Plants; (1437), 1800- 
2969. 

Planting, Roadside, see Roadside 
planting, 1848, 2045, (3609). 

Planting about buildings; bridges; 
etc., see Plantations — Rela- 
tion to buildings; etc., 1841 ; etc. 

Planting and transplanting, 1861. 
See also Tree moving. 

Planting design,** 1805-1849, 2105, 
2405, 2705. 



Planting design (continued). 

See also Landscape character; 

Landscape design. 
Planting design — Color effects, 1960, 

2260, 2560, 2860. 
Planting design — Styles, 1816-1819. 
Planting design — Styles. Formal, 

1818. 
Planting design — Styles. Naturalis- 
tic, 1819. 
Planting lists (to accompany plans), 

1348. 
Planting plans, see Plans, Planting, 

1285. 
Planting seasons, 1851.5. 
Planting strips (Road), 3620. 
Planting tables, see Plant lists, 1902, 

etc. 
Plants,** 1800-2969. 

— Acclimatization, see Plant intro- 

duction, 1862.1. 

— Bark, 1930, 2230, 2530. 

— Cold storage, 1862. 

— Color, 1965, 2265, 2565, 2865. 

— Digging, packing, and shipment, 
1862.2. 

— Diseases and pests, 1865-1868.3. 
See also Gardens, Vegetable — 

Diseases and pests; Herbaceous 
plants. — Diseases and pests; 
Insect pests; Trees — Diseases 
and pests. 

— Environments, 1980-2022, 2280- 
2322, 2580-2622, 2880-2922. 

See also Plants, Alpine; Plants, 
Arctic; etc., etc. 

— Floioer, 1920, 2220, 2520, 2820- 
2824. 

— Foliage, 1905-1918, 2205-2218, 
2502-2518, 2805-2817. 

— Form, see Plants — Habit and 
shape, 1935-U955), etc. 

— Fruit, 1925, 2225, 2525, 2825. 
See also Fruit trees; Shrubs — 

Fruit. 

— Germination, 1855.4. 

— Habit and shape, 1935-(1955), 
2235-2236, 2535-2536, 2835. 

— Hybridization, see Plant breeding, 
1860.2. 

— In landscape, 1800-2969. 

— Injuries, 1863. 



120 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Plants — Injuries (continued). 
See also Trees — Injuries. 

— Packing, see Plants — Digging, 

packing, and shipment, 1S62.2. 

— Pollination, 1855.2. 

— Propagation, 1S60. 1. 

— Protection, 1862.3. 

— Rate of growth, 1933, 2233, 2533, 

2833. 
See also Trees — Rate of growth. 

— Reservations for protection , 6256. 

— Scent, 1970, 2270, 2570, 2S70. 
See also Herbs, Sweet. 

— Seasonal appearance, 1975, 2275, 

2575, 2875. (Subdivide: Spring, 
Summer, Autumn, Winter.) 

— Seed dispersal, 1855.3. 

— Shipment, see Plants — Digging, 

packing, and shipment, 1862.2. 

— Slaking, sec Plants — Training, 

1862. 

— Texture, 1960, 2260, 2560, 2860. 

— Training, 1862. 

See also Fruit trees, Trained. 
Plants, Alpine, 2003, (2303), (2603), 
2791, (2903). 
.See also Gardens, Alpine. 
Plants, Arctic, 1985, (2285), (2585), 

(2885). 
Plants, Bedding, see Bedding plants, 

2794. 
Plants, Bee-attracting, 2060. 
Plants, Bird-attracting, 2059. 

See also Bird sanctuaries; (lin- 
dens, Bird; Plants — Fruit. 
Plants, Bog and marsh, 1996, (2296), 
(2596), 2896. 
See also Gardens, Bog and marsh. 
Plants, Clay-loving, 2001, (2301), 

(2601), (2901). 
Plants, Deciduous, 1910, 2210, 2510. 

See also Trees, Deciduous. 
Plants, Desert, 1992, (2292), (2592), 
(2892). 
See also Plants, Sand-loving. 
Plants, Evergreen, see Evergreens, 

1907, 2207, 2507. 
Plants, Flowering, see Plants — Flower, 

1920, etc. 
Plants, " Freak," see Plant curiosi- 
ties 1895. 



Plants, Greenhouse, sec Greenhouse 
and house plants, 2042, 2796. 

Plants, House, see Greenhouse and 
house plants, 2042, 2797. 

Plants, Medicinal, 2067. 

Plants, Native, 1877, 2177, 2477, 
2777, 2789. (Geographical sub- 
division to be used.) 

Plants, Poisonous, 2069. 

Plants, Prairie, 2003.1, (2323.1), 
(2623.1), (2923.1). 

Plants, Rock, (2003), (2323), (2623), 

2791, (2923). 

See also Gardens, Rock. 
Plants, Sand-loving, 1999, (2299), 

(2599), (2899). 
See also Plants, Desert . 
Plants, Scented, see Plants — Scent, 

1970, etc. 
Plants, Seashore, 2000, 2011, (2300), 

(2311), (2600), (2611), (2900), 

(2911). 
See also Gardens, Seashore. 
Plants, Shade-enduring, 1988, (2288), 

(2588), (2888). 
Plants, Smoke-enduring, 2015, (2315), 

(2615), (2915). 
Plants, Specimen, 1821, 2035, 2121, 

2421. 
See also Botanical gardens; Gar- 
dens — Exhibitions; Gardens, 

Specimen. 
Plants, Subtropical, 1983, (2283), 

(2583), (2883). 
Plants, Succulent, see Bedding plants, 

2794; Greenhouse and house 

plants, 2796, 2797. 
Plants, Tropical, 1982, (2282), (2582), 

(2882). 
See also Gardens, Tropical. 
Plants, Tub, see Tub plants, 2038, 

etc. 
Plants, Water, 1997, (2297), (2597), 

2792, (2897). 

See also Gardens, Water and 
waterside. 
Plants, Wild-garden, (2048), 2789. 

See also Gardens, Wild. 
Plants, Wind-enduring, 2013, (2313), 

(2613), (2913). 
Plants, Window-box, see Window-box 
plants, 2040. 



121 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Plants, Woods, 1994.5-1995, (2294.5- 
2295), (2594.5-2595), (2894.5- 
2895). 
See also Woodlands. 

Playfields, see Athletic fields, 6575. 

Playgrounds,** 0500-6595. (Geo- 
graphical subdivision to be 
used.) 
See also Athletic fields; Recrea- 
tion centers; Sports and games 
— Grounds. 

— Administration, 6515. 

— Apparatus, see Playgrounds — 

Equipment, 6538. 

— Buildings, 6536. 
See also Gymnasiums. 

— Construction and maintenance, 

6540-6541. 

— Design, 6525-6539. 

— Equipment, 6530-6539. 

— Fieldhouses, see Playgrounds — 

Buildings, 6536. 

— Games, 6520. 

— Lighting, 6539. 

— Management, see Playgrounds — 

Administration, 6515. 

— Periodicals, 6502. 

— Planting, 6533. 

— Societies, 6505. 

— Statistics, 6509. 

— Surfacing, see Playgrounds — 

Construction and maintenance, 
6531. 

Playgrounds, Block-interior, 6565. 

Playgrounds, Home, 6567. 

Playgrounds, Roof, 6564. 

Playgrounds, School, 6560. 

See also Schools, Public — 
Grounds. 

Playhouses, 3157. 

Pleached alleys, 2133. 

Pleasances, Mediaeval, 227. 

Pleasure buildings** and structures, 
3150-3219. 
See also names of buildings and 
structures for pleasure pur- 
poses; e.g., Arbors; Boat-houses; 
Gazebos; Pergolas; Tennis 
courts ; Theaters, Outdoor ; 
etc. 

Pleasure gardens, see Gardens, 4425- 
(4480). 

122 



Poisonous plants, see Plants, Poison- 
ous, 2069. 

Pole line construction, see Wires, 
Overhead (1429), 3718. 

Poles and wires, see Wires, Overhead, 
(1429), 3718. 

Polo fields (Equestrian), 6587. 

Ponds, see Lakes, ponds, etc., 1080- 
1686. 

Pools, basins, etc., 3448-3449. 

See also Aqueducts, Garden; 
Fountains; Swimming pools; 
Wading pools, 

Postcards, Landscape architecture 
(General collections), 286. 

Posts and post-finials, 3318. 

See also Balustrades; Fences; 
Gates and gateways; Hitch- 
ing posts; Urns, vases, etc.; 
Walls. 

Pot plants (for ornamental outdoor 
use), see Tub plants, 2038. 

Pots, Plant, see. Flower pots and boxes; 
Tree boxes, pots, etc.; Urns, 
vases, etc.; 3465-3467. 

Pottery, Garden, 3430»i7. 

Potting sheds, see Greenhouses, (1864), 
3140. 

Power, Electric, see Electric power 
supply, 3773. 

Practice, Professional, of landscape 
architecture, see Landscape 
architecture — Professional 
practice, 1200-1357. 

Prairies, 3915. 

Preliminary plans, see Plans, Prelim- 
inary, 1266. 

Presentation of landscape design, see 
Landscape design — Presenta- 
tion, 1250-1346. 

Preservation of scenery, see Land- 
scape preservation ; Reserva- 
tions, Landscape; 6190-6230. 

Prints, see Reproduction of drawings 
— Prints, 1300. i 

Proceedings of congresses, societies, 
etc., see Cemeteries — Socie- 
ties, 5902; Landscape archi- 
tecture — Congresses, (40)-46; 
Landscape architecture — So- 
cieties, (20)-39; Parks — So- 
cieties, 6005. 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Professional practice of landscape 
architecture, see Landscape 
architecture — Professional 
practice, 1200-1357. 

Profiles, 1282. 

Promontories, sec Shore's, 1701. 

Propagation, see Plants — Propagotr 
Hon, 1860.1. 

Protection of landscape work from 
damage, see Landscape con- 
struction and maintenance, 
1460. 

Protection of plants, see Plants — 
Protection, 1862.3. 

Protection of shores, see Shore pro- 
tection, 1665, 3250-3265. 

Pruning, 1862. 

Public buildings** — Grounds, 5500- 
5590. 

Public comfort stations, 3149. 

Public gardens, sec Gardens, Public, 
6400-6450. 

Publicity for landscape architects, 
see Landscape architecture — 
Professional practice. Advertis- 
ing and publicity, 1223. 

Putting greens (Golf), see Golf courses, 
6589; Grasses, 2788. 

Q 

Quarantine, Plant, see Plant quaran- 
tine, 1865.4. 

R 

Race-tracks, 6585-6586. 

Race-tracks, Motor, 65S6. 

Railings, 3316. 

Railroad bridges, see Bridges, Rail- 
road, 3529. 

Railroad gardening, sec Railroads — 
Planting, 5463. 

Railroads** — Grounds, 5450-5475. 
See also Railroads, Subdivisions: 
Planting, Rights of way, Station 
grounds. 

Railroads — Planting, 5463. 

Railroads — Rights of way, 5450-5475. 

Railroads — Station grounds, 5450- 
5475. 

Rain and rainfall, 3741. 

Ramps, 3395. 



Ramps, Water, see Water ramps, 3451. 

Recreation areas, Outdoor, see Camps, 
Recreation, 5180-5195; Parks, 
6000 - 6800 + ; Playgrounds, 
6500-6595; Reservations, Pub- 
lic, 6100-6260; Waterfronts 
Recreational, 6600-6665. 

Recreation camps, see Camps, Recre- 
ation, 5180-5195. 

Recreation centers, 6555. 

Recreation piers, see Piers, Recreation, 
6636. 

Reflections (in water surfaces in land- 
scape), see Water — In land- 
scape, 1660. 

Regional planning,** S500. 

Registration of landscape architects, 
see Landscape architecture — 
Professional practice. Registra- 
tion, 1215. 

Reinforced concrete, see Concrete, Re- 
inforced, 3000ra6. 

Renaissance styles of landscape design, 
see Landscape design — Styles, 
subdivisions : English Renais- 
sance, 234; French Renaissance, 
233; Italian Renaissance, 232. 

Rendering, 1288-1299. 

See also Representation (Graphic), 
Decorative. 

Rendering in color, 1295, 1299. 

Repetition, in landscape composition, 
see Landscape composition, 1 1 20. 

Reports, Landscape architect's, see 
Landscape architecture — Pro- 
fessional practice. Reports, 
1245, 1342. 

Reports, Park, see Parks — Reports, 
6020. 

Representation (Graphic), 1250. 

See also Drawing; Landscape de- 
sign — Presentation. 

Representation (Graphic), Decora- 
tive, 1289. 
See also Rendering. 

Representation of architectural forms, 
1329. 

Representation of landscape forms, 
1320-1330. 
See also Drawing; Models; Ren- 
dering; etc., and names of 
specific forms, e.g., Trees. 



123 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Representation of trees, see Trees — 

Representation, 1325. 
Reproduction of drawings, 1300-1309. 

— Half-tone cuts, 1308. 

— Line cuts, 1307. 

— Lithographs, 1305. 

— Photographs, 1303. 

— Prints, 1301. (Subdivide if ne- 

cessary into: Blue, Van Dyke, 
etc.) 

— Rubbings, 1309. 

Reputation, Professional, of the 
landscape architect, see Land- 
scape architecture — Profes- 
sional practice, 1210. 

Reservations, Forest, see Forest reser- 
vations, 6126-6144. 

Reservations,** Landscape, 6190- 
6230. 

Reservations,** Public, 6100-6260. 
(Public reserved land not de- 
veloped for intensive recreative 
use. Cf. Parks.) 
See also Animals — Reservations 
for protection; Bird sanctu- 
aries; Forest reservations; 
Military reservations; Parks, 
National; Plants — Reserva- 
tions for protection; Reserva- 
tions, Landscape; Water-sup- 
ply reservations; and Lake, 
Hill and mountain, River, and 
other landscape forms which 
are publicly reserved. 

Reservations, Water-supply, see Water- 
supply reservations, 6150- 
6172. 

Reserve gardens, see Gardens, Re- 
serve, 4525-4545. 

Reservoirs, 6165-6172. 

Residence groups, see Building groups, 
Residential, 3054.5. 

Residences, see Estates (Private); 
Houses, 3060. 

Restaurants, Outdoor, 5730-5745. 
See also Concert gardens; Tea 
gardens. 

Restaurants, Park, see Parks — Res- 
laurants, 6036. 

Retaining walls, see Walls, Retaining, 
(3260), 3331-3332. 



Rhythm, in landscape composition, 
see Landscape composition, 
1121. 
Riding paths, see Bridle paths, 3634. 
Rinks, see Bowling greens, 3211, 6592; 

Skating* rinks, 6593. 
Rip rap, see Shores — Structural treat- 
ment, 3265. 
River reservations and parks, 6215- 

6219; 6665. 
Rivers, 1692. 
Road binders, 3613. 

See also Dust prevention. 
Road signs, 3622. 
Roads,** 3600-3636. 

See also Bridle paths; Causeways; 
Lanes; Pavements; Planting 
strips (Road); Roadside grad- 
ing; Roadside planting; Trails; 
Turnarounds; " Woodroads "; 
and NAC Classification, Streets. 
Roads — Adaptation to topography and 
traffic, see Roads — Design, 
3603-3604. 
Roads — Construction and mainten- 
ance, 3610. 
See also Pavements; Road bind- 
ers. 
Roads — Cross-section, width, etc., see 

Roads — Design, 3606. 
Roads — Design, 3602-(3609). 
Roads — Improvement, 570. 

See also Roadside planting. 
Roads — Location, see Roads — De- 

sign, 3603. 
Roads, Broken stone, 3610?»7.5. 
Roads, Cinder, 3610ra8.5. 
Roads, Earth, 3610ra8.5. 
Roads, Entrance to estates, etc., 
3627. 
See also Roads, Service. 
Roads, Gravel, 3610m8.5. 
Roads, Macadam, 3610w7.5. 
Roads, National, 9200. 
Roads, Parks, see Parks — Roads, 

6039; etc. 
Roads, Service, 3628. 
Roads, Shell, 3610m9. 
Roads, Tanbark, 3610m9. 
Roads, Telford, 3610w7.5. 
Roads, Turf, 3610m9. 
Roadside grading, 3608. 



124 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Roadside improvement, see Roads — 

Improvement, 570; Roadside 

planting, 1848. 
Roadside planting, 1848, 2045, (3609). 

See also Trees, Street. 
Rock (factor in construction), 1434. 

See also Blasting. 
Rock (natural forms), see Rocks 

■ — In landscape, 1770-1775. 
Rock gardens, see Gardens, Rock, 

4441. 
Rock planting, see Gardens, Rock, 

4441; Plants, Rock, (2003), 

2791. 
Rock plants, see Plants, Rock, (2003), 

2791. 
Rocks** — In landscape, 1770-1775. 
Rocky sites for estates, see Estates 

(Private), Rocky, 4912. 
Rockwork, Artificial, 1775. 
Roman style of landscape design, see 

Landscape design — Styles. 

Classic, 219. 
Romantic styles of landscape design, 

see Landscape design — Styles. 

Romantic, 1043. 
Roof gardens, 4388. 
Roof playgrounds, see Playgrounds, 

Roof, 6564. 
Roque courts, see Croquet lawns, 3208. 
Rose gardens, see Gardens, Rose, 4418. 
Roses, Garden, 2486. 

See also Gardens, Rose. 
Rotation of crops, 1853.8. 
Rubbings (of pencil drawings), see 

Reproduction of drawings — 

Rubbings, 1309. 
Ruins (in Romantic landscape de- 
signs), 3155. 
Running tracks, 65S4. 
Rural improvement, 573. 
Rural planning,** 8700. 
Rustic work, 3000ml. 5. 



Sand beaches, see Beaches, 1 7()o. 

Sand dunes, see Dunes, Sand, 1765. 
Sandy soil, Plants enduring, see Plants, 

Sand-loving, 1999, etc. 
Sanitariums — Grounds see Hospitals, 

asylums, etc. — Grounds, 5200- 

5225. 



Scale — In landscape composition, 
1140-1141. 

Scales, Graphical, 1315. 

Scenery, Natural, sec Landscape, 
1050-1055, 3900-3975. 

Scenic reservations, see Reservations, 
Landscape, 6190-6230. 

Scent of vegetation, see Plants — 
Scent, 1970, etc. 

Scented gardens, see Gardens, Scented, 
4448. 

Scented plants, see Plants — Scent, 
1970, etc. 

School gardens, see Gardens, School, 
4460. 

School playgrounds, see Playgrounds, 
School, 6560. 

Schools, Private — Grounds, see Col- 
leges, schools (private), etc. — 
Grounds, 5250-5275. 

Schools, Professional, of landscape 
architecture, see Landscape 
architecture — Study and teach- 
ing, 900-998. 

Schools,** Public — Grounds, 5550- 
5565. 
See also Gardens, School; Play- 
grounds, School. 

Schools, Public — Study and teaching 
of landscape improvement, see 
Landscape improvement — 
Study and teaching (Public 
schools), 548. 

Screen plantations, 1827, 2127, 2127. 
See also Border plantations. 

Sculpture, see Statuary, 3460. 

Sen and seashore', 1670. 

.See also Beaches; Shores. 

Sea walls, see Walls, Sea, 3332. 

Seashore, see Sea and seashore, 1670. 

Seashore estates, sec Estates (Pri- 
vate), Seashore, 4910. 

Seashore gardens, see Gardens, Sea- 
shore, 4355. 

Seashore planting, 1N39. 

Seashore plants, see Plants, Seashore, 
2000, 2011, etc. 

Seashore reservations and parks, 6205- 
6209, 6655. 

Seasonal appearance of vegetation, see 
Plants — Seasonal appearance, 
1975, etc. 



125 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Seasonal effects — In landscape, 1157. 
See also Gardens — Seasonal ef- 
fects; Plantations — Seasonal 
effects; Winter effects — In 
landscape. 
.Seats, Covered, 34S3. 

See also Arbors. 
Seats, Gardens, 3482-3484. 

Seats, Park, 6037, (6337), (6437). 

Sections, see Cross-sections; Profiles; 
1282. 

Sequence, in landscape composition, 
see Landscape composition, 
1121. 

Service accessories,** 3405-3424. 

Service buildings** and structures, 
3100-3149. 
See also names of buildings and 
structures for service purposes; 
e.g., Bird-houses; Dovecotes; 
Farm buildings; Garages and 
garage yards; Gardener's yards; 
Gate-lodges ; Greenhouses ; Sta- 
bles and stableyards; Water- 
towers; Windmills. 

Service courts, see Service yards, 
3132. 

Service gardens, see Gardens, Service, 
4525-4545. 

Service roads, see Roads, Service, 3628. 

Service yards, 3132. 

See also Garages and garage 
yards; Gardener's yards; Laun- 
dry yards; Stables and stable- 
yards. 

Sewage treatment, 3735-3738. 

Sewer-pipes, 3738. 

Sewerage, 3735-3738. 

Shade, Light and — In landscape com- 
position , see Light and shade — 
In landscape composition, 1150- 
1154. 

Shade, Plants enduring, see Plants, 
Shade-enduring, 1988. 

Shade trees, see Trees, Shade, 2340. 

Shadows — In landscape. See Light 
and shade — In landscape com- 
position, 1153. 

Shakesperian gardens, see Gardens, 
Shakesperian, 4465. 

Shape — In landscape composition, 
1137-1138. 



Shape of plants, see Plants — Habit 
and shape, 1935-(1955), etc. ' 

Sheepfolds, see Farm buildings, 3105. 

Shells (as material of roads and paths), 
see Roads, Shell, 3610m9. 

Shelters, see Pavilions, shelters, etc., 
3155. 

Shingle beaches, see Beaches, 1704. 

Shore planting, see Seashore planting, 
1839; Waterside planting, 1838. 

Shore reservations and parks, 6200- 
6219. 
See also Bathing beaches; Sea- 
shore reservations and parks; 
Waterfronts, Recreational. 

Shore treatment, see Shores, 1665- 
1709; Shores — Structural treat- 
ment, 3250-3265. 

Shores, 1665-1709. 

See also Beaches; Sea and sea- 
shore. 

Shores** — Structuraltreatment, 3250- 
3265. 

Show plans, see Landscape design • — 
Presentation, 1251. 

Shrub beds, 2423. 

Shrub gardens, see Gardens, Shrub, 
4416. 

Shrub groups, see Shrub beds; Tree 
and shrub groups; 2423. 

Shrub plantations, see Shrub beds; 
Shrubs; Tree and shrub groups; 
2405-2429. 

Shrubs,** 2400-2650. 

Shrubs — Diseases and pests, see Trees 
— Diseases and pests, 1865. 

Shrubs — Fruit, 2525. 

Shrubs, Evergreen, 2507. 

Shrubs, Specimen, see Plants, Speci- 
men, 2421. 

Shrubby vines, see Vines, climbers, 
etc., 2485. 

Signs, Guide, in parks, etc., 6037, 
(6337), (6437). 

Signs, Road, sec Road signs, 3622. 

Silhouette — In landscape composi- 
tion, 1130. 

Silhouettes, 1272. 

Site, choice for an estate, park, etc., see 
Estates (Private) — Design, 
4905; Parks ^Design, 6026; 
etc. 



126 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Size — In landscape composition, sec 
Scale — In landscape compo- 
sition, 1140-1141. 
Skating ponds, see Lakes, ponds, etc., 
1680-1686; Skating rinks, 6593. 
Skating rinks (Ice), 6593. 
Sketching, see Drawing, Freehand; 

Drawing, Landscape; 1251. 
Sky, clouds, etc., 1540-1550. 

See also Atmosphere — In loud- 
scape composition. 
Slope steps, see Perrons, 3393. 
Slopes, 1784. 
Smoke-enduring plants, sec Plants, 

Smoke-enduring, 2015, etc. 
Social customs, Effect on landscape 
design, see Landscape design — 
Style, 1031. 
Societies for landscape improvement, 
see Landscape improvement — 
Societies, 513. 
Societies of cemetery superintendents, 
etc., see Cemeteries — Societies, 
5902. 
Societies of landscape architecture, see 
Landscape architecture — So- 
cieties, (20)-39. 
Societies of park superintendents, 
park users, etc., see Parks — 
Societies, 6005. 
Societies of playgrounds, see Play- 
grounds — Societies, 6505. 
Soil-binding plants, see Ground cover, 

2050, etc. 
Soil improvement, 1853-1854.1. 
Soil surveys, 1852.7. 
Soils, 1852-1852.7. 

Specifications, see Contracts and speci- 
fications, 1344. 
Specimen gardens, see Gardens, Speci- 
men, 4405. 
Specimen plants, see Plants, Specimen, 

1821, etc., 
Splines, see Drawing instruments, 

1251.5. 
Sports and games — Grounds, 6580- 
6594. 
See also Athletic fields; Play- 
grounds; Winter sports, Areas 
for; and the names of areas for 
special sports, e.g., Football; 
Field events, etc. 



Spraying, 1868.1. 

Spring gardens, see Gardens — Sea- 

sonal effects. Spring, 4392. 
Sprinkling, sec Watering, 1854.1. 
Stables and stableyards, 3105. 
Stadiums, 3198. 
Stairways (Outdoor), see Steps, 3375- 

3395. 
Stanzoni, see Orangeries, 3180. 
State fair grounds, see Fair grounds, 

5650-5675. 
State forests, see Forests and forestry, 

State, 6137. 
State parks, see Parks, State, 6115. 
State planning,** 8900. 
Statuary, 1 3460. 
Stepping stones, 3646. 
Steps,** 3375-3395. 

»S'ee also Perrons; Ramps. 
Stiles, 3370. 

See also Turnstiles. 
Stone, 3000to5. 

Stone, Broken (as material of roads 
and paths), see Roads, Broken 
stone, 3610m7.5. 
Stone pavements, see Pavements, 

Stone, 3610ra5. 
Stones (in Japanese gardens), see 
Gardens — Japan, 4867; Land- 
scape design — Styles. Japan- 
ese, 245. 
Storm-water drainage, see Drainage, 

Surface, 3740-3743. 
Streams. 1690-1696. 

<See also Brooks; Rivers; Water- 
falls. 
Street planting, see Roadside plant- 
ing, 1848, 2045, (3609). 
Street trees, see Trees, Street, 2345. 
Streets, see Roads, 3600-3636. 
Structures** — In landscape, 3000- 
3798. 
See also Buildings — In land- 
scape; Roads; etc. 
Stucco, 3000ro2. 

Study of landscape architecture, see 
Landscape architecture — Study 
and teaching; — Study tours; — 
Travelling fellowships; 900-998. 



1 If the City Planning Classification is used. 
Statuary may be divided {like Fountains) into 
Garden and Civic. 



127 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Study of landscape improvement, see 
Landscape improvement — 
Study and teaching (Public 
schools), 548; Landscape im- 
provement — University ex- 
tension, 515. 

Style** — In landscape design, 1030- 
(1049). 

Styles of landscape design, see Land- 
scape architecture — History; 
Landscape design — Styles 

(special subdivisions); 210-249, 
1034-(1049). 

" Sublime," The, see Landscape de- 
sign — Esthetic theory; Land- 
scape effects; 1067. 

Subsurface drainage, see Drainage, 
3745-3748. 

Subsurface utilities, 3700-3798. 

See also Conduits, Electric; Gas- 
pipes ; Sewer-pipes ; Water- 
pipes. 

Subtropical plants, see Plants, Sub- 
tropical, 1983, etc. 

Suburban estates, see Estates (Pri- 
vate), Suburban, 4975-4995. 

Suburban house lots, see Estates (Pri- 
vate), House-lot, 4925-4945. 

Suburban houses, see Houses, Subur- 
ban, 3064. 

Succulent plants, see Bedding plants, 
2794; Greenhouses and house 
plants, 2796-2797. 

Summer colonies, 4980. 

Summer hotels — Grounds, see Hotels 
— Grounds, 5150-5175. 

" Summer houses," see Arbors, 3160; 
Gazebos, 3153; Pavilions, shel- 
ters, etc., 3155. 

Sundials, 3470. 

Sunk fences, see Fences, Sunk, 3349. 

Sunk panels, see Panels, Sunk, 3240. 

Sunken gardens, see Gardens, Sunken, 
4455. 

Superintendence, sec Landscape con- 
struction and maintenance — - 
Superintendence, 1 355- 1 357. 

Surface decoration, in landscape com- 
position, sec Landscape coin- 
position, 1194. 

Surface drainage, see Drainage, Sur- 
face, 3740-3743. 



Surveying (Topographical), 1241. 
Surveying, Photographic, 1241." 

See also Photography. 
Surveying, Photographic, Aerial, 1244 

See also Photography, Aerial. 
Swimming pools, 3449. 
Swimming pools, Public, 6532. 
" Symmetrical " styles of landscape 

design, see Landscape design — 

Styles. Formal, 1036. 
Symmetry, in landscape composition, 

see. Landscape composition, 

1124. 



Tables, Garden, 3486. 

Tanbark (as material of roads and 
paths) of. sec Roads, Tanbark, 
3610m9. 

Tar pavements, see Pavements, Tar, 
3610rrc6.5. 

Taste, in landscape and landscape de- 
sign, sec Landscape apprecia- 
tion ; Landscape design — Es- 
thetic theory; 1020. 

Tea gardens, 5730-5745. 

See also Restaurants, Outdoor. 

Tea houses, 3155. 

Teaching of landscape architecture, 
see Landscape architecture — 
Study and teaching, 900-998. 

Teaching of landscape improvement, 
see Landscape improvement — 
Study and teaching (Public 
schools), 548; Landscape im- 
provement — University exten- 
sion, 515. 

Telephone 3775-3778. 

See also Wires, Overhead. 

Telford roads, sec Roads, Telford, 
3610»»7.5. 

Temples, Garden, see Pavilions, shel- 
ters, etc., 3155. 

Tennis courts, 3205. 6590. 

See also Backstops (Tennis, etc.). 

Terra cotta, 3000/»7. 

Terraced gardens, see Gardens, Ter- 
raced, 4362. 

Terraces,** 3230-3234. 

Terraces, House, 3234. 

Texture — In landscape composition, 
1145. 



128 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Texture (continued). 

See also Plants — Texture. 

Texture of vegetation, see Plants — 
Texture, 1965, etc. 

Thatch, 3000ml.S. 

Theaters, Garden, 3195. 

Theaters, Outdoor, 3198. 

See also Theaters, Garden. 

Theory of landscape design (Esthetic, 
or Economic), see Landscape 
design — Economic theory, ( 1005) , 
1608, 1808, 3008; Landscape 
design — Esthetic theory, 1010- 
1079. 

Theory of landscape design (General), 
see Landscape design, 1000- 
(1199). 

Thinning of plantations, see Planta- 
tions — Thinning, 2110. 

Tidal marshes, see Marshes, Salt, 1724. 

Tile pavements, see Pavements, Tile, 
3610m4. 

Tiles, 3000ro7. 

Titles (on drawings), 1313. 
See also Cartouches. 

Tobogganing grounds, see Winter 
sports, Areas for, 6593. 

Tools, Horticultural, 1872-1872.3. 
See also Lawn mowers. 

Topiary gardens, see Gardens, To- 
piary; Topiary work; 4412. 

Topiary work, 1822, (1955), (2122), 
(2422). 
See also Gardens, Topiary. 

Topographical maps, 1241. 

See also Surveying (Topographi- 
cal). 

Topography, see Ground forms — In 
landscape, 1600-1790. 

Topography, Effect on landscape de- 
sign, see Landscape design — 
Style, 1031. 

Tours for study of landscape architec- 
ture, see Landscape architec- 
ture — Study lours, 947. 

Towers, 3153. 

See also Pagodas; Water towers. 

Town planning, .see City planning, 7500. 

Tracing, see Drawing, 1251. 

Track and field events, Areas for, see 
Field events, Areas for, 6584; 
Running tracks, 6584. 



Tracks, see Race-tracks, 6585; Run- 
ning tracks, 6584. 

Traffic considerations, see Paths; 
Roads; 3600-(3648). 

Trails, 3636. 

Transplanting, see Planting and trans- 
planting, 1861. 

Travelling fellowships in landscape 
architecture, see Landscape 
architecture — Travelling fel- 
lowships, 946. 

Tree and shrub groups, 1823, 2123, 
2423. 

Tree boxes, pots, etc., 3467. 

Tree cutting (Landscape construc- 
tion), 1406. 
See also Plantations — Thinning; 
Forests and forestry, Esthetic. 

Tree gratings, 3420. 

Tree guards, 3420. 

Tree moving, 1861. 

Tree planting, 2150. 

Tree repair, 1863. 

Trees,** 2100-2350. 

— Diseases and pests, 1865. 

— Form, 2236. 

— In landscape composition, 2105. 

— Injuries, 1863. 

>S'cc also Tree repair; Trees — 
Protection from damage. 

— Protection from damage, 1406. 

— Rate of growth, 2233. 

— Representation, 1325. 

— Seasonal appearance, 2275-2279. 

(Subdivide: Spring, Summer, 
Autumn, Winter.) 

— Thinning, see. Plantations — 

Thinning, 2110; Tree cutting, 

1406. 
Trees, Deciduous, 2210. 
Trees, Evergreen, 2207. 
Trees, Forest, see Forests and forestry, 

2350. 
Trees, Shade, 2340. 

See also Trees, Street. 
Trees, Specimen, see Plants, Specimen, 

2121. 
Trees, Street, 2345. 

See also Trees, Shade. 
Trellises, treillagc, etc., see Lattices, 

trellises, treillage, etc., 3430m- 

1.3. 



129 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Tropical gardens, see Gardens, Tropi- 
cal, 4351. 

Tropical landscape, 3935. 

Tropical plants, see Plants, Tropical, 
1982, etc. 

Tub plants, 2038, (2338), (2638). 

Tudor style of landscape design, see 
Landscape design — Styles. 
English Renaissance. Tudor. 
Elizabethan, 234. 

Tunnels,** 3550-3564. 

Turf, 3000m9. 

See also Grasses ; Lawns; Panels, 
Turf; Roads, Turf. 

Turf panels, see Panels, Turf, 2736. 

Turnarounds, 3627. 

See also Forecourts; Roads, Serv- 
ice. 

Turnstiles, 3373. 

Turntables, see Turnarounds, 3627. 

Types of landscape, see Landscape — 
Types, 3900-3975. 

Types of landscape designs according 
to use, see Landscape designs 
— Types, according to use, 
4000-6800 +. ■ 

U 

Unity in landscape and landscape de- 
sign, see Landscape composi- 
tion, 1100-1199; Landscape 
design, 1000-U090). 

Universities — Grounds, see Colleges, 
etc. — Grounds, 5250-5275. 

University extension work for land- 
scape improvement, see Land- 
scape improvement — Univer- 
sity extension, 515. 

Urns, vases, etc., 3465. 

See also Flower pots and boxes 
(Ornamental). 

Utilities, see Subsurface utilities; 
Wires; 3700-3798. 



Valleys, 1750. 

Van Dyke prints, see Reproduction of 

drawings — Prints, 1301. 
Variety, in landscape composition, see 

Landscape composition, 1111. 



Vases, see Urns, vases, etc., 3465. 
Vegetable gardens, see Gardens, Vege- 
table, 4525-4545. 
Vegetables, 2799. 
Vegetation, see Plants; Plantations; 

1800-2969. 
Viewpoints, in landscape composition, 

see Landscape composition, 

1173. 
Views, in landscape composition, see 

landscape composition, 1 109, 

1170. 
Village greens, see Commons, 6400- 

6450. 
Villages — Planning, 7500. 
Villas, see Gardens — Italy, 4803; 

Landscape design — Styles. 

Italian Renaissance. Baroque, 

232. 
Vines, climbers, etc., 1885, (1947), 

2485, 2785. 
Vista points, see Vistas, 1185. 
Vistas, 1185. 
Visual angle in landscape composition, 

see Landscape composition, 

1109. 

W 

Wading pools, 6532. 

Walks, see Paths, 3640-(3648). 

Wall fountains, see Fountains, Wall, 

3447. 
Wall gardens, see Gardens, Wall, 4441. 
Wall plants, see Plants, Rock, (2003), 

2791. 
Walls,** 3320-3335. 
See also Niches. 
Walls, Retaining, (3260), 3331-3332. 
Walls, Sea, 3332. 
War gardens, see Gardens, Vegetable, 

4525-4545. 
War memorials, 585. 

See also Monuments — In ceme- 
teries; Statuary; etc. 
War service of landscape architects, 

see Landscape architecture — 

War service, 323. 
Wash drawing, sec also Drawing, Wash, 

1293-1295. 
Water** — In landscape, 1655-1696. 



130 



SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 



Water — Ornamental use, see Water 
— In landscape, 1660; Water 
features (architectural and 
sculptural ) , 3445-3452. 

Wat it features (architectural and 
sculptural), 3445-3452. 
See also Fountains; Pools, basins, 
etc.; Water ramps. 

Water gardens, see Gardens, Water 
and waterside, (4354), 4442. 

\\ ater parks, see Waterfronts, Recrea- 
tional, 6600-6665. 

Water-pipes, 3728. 

Water plants, see Plants, Water, 11)97, 
etc., 2792. 

\\ ater ramps, 3451. 

Water-supply, 3725-3728. 

Water-supply reservations,** 6150- 
6172. 
See also Reservoirs, 

Water-towers, 3120. 
See also Windmills. 

Watercolor rendering, see Rendering 
in color, 1295. 

Waterfall reservations, 6215-6219. 

Waterfalls, 1696. 

See also Cascades (artificial). 

Waterfronts,** Recreational, 6600- 
6665. 
See also Shore reservations and 
parks. 

Watering, 1854.1. 

Watering — Lawns, 1854.1. 

Watering — Roads, 3613. 

Watering troughs, 3419. 

Waterside estates, see Estates, Water- 
side, 4909. 

Wat erside gardens, see Gardens, Water 
and waterside, 4354, 4442. 

Waterside planting. 1838. 

Ways, see Roads; Paths: etc.; 3600- 
(3648). 

Weeds, 2969. 

Well-heads, 3455. 

Willi flowers, see Plants, Native (and 
note), 2777, 2789. 

Wild-garden plants, see Plants, Wild- 
garden, (2048), 2789. 

Wild gardens, sec Gardens, Wild, 
4439. 

Wildernesses (historical term), 4413. 



Wind — In landscape, see Movement 
— In landscape composition, 
1158. 

Wind-enduring plants, see Plants, 
Wind-enduring, 2013, etc. 

Windbreaks, 2055. 
See also Hedges. 

Windmills, 3120. 

See also Water-towers. 

Window-box plants, 2040, 2795. 

Window boxes, 3466. 

Window gardens, 2040, 2796. 

See also Greenhouse and house 
plants; Window-box plants. 

Winter effects — In landscape, 1157. 
See also Gardens — Seasonal ef- 
fects. Winter; Plants — iS'ea- 
sonal appearance. Winter. 

Winter protection of plants, see 
Plants — Protection, 1862.3. 

Winter sports, Areas for, 6293. 
See also Skating rinks (Ice). 

Wires,** 3715-3718. 

See also Conduits, Electric; Elec- 
tric power supply; Heating; 
Lighting; Telephone. 

Wires, Overhead, 3718. 

Women in the profession of landscape 
architecture, see Landscape 
architecture — Professional op- 
portunities, 324. 

Wood, 3000ml. 

Wood interiors, sec Woodlands, 2145. 

Wood pavements, see Pavements, 
Wood, 3610ml. 

Woodlands, 2145, 3925. 

See also Bosquets; Forest reser- 
vations; Forests and forestry, 
Esthetic; Plants, Woods. 

" Woodroads," 3632. 

Woods, see Woodlands, 21 15, 3925. 

Woods plants, see Plants, Woods, 
1994.5-1995, etc. 



Yard improvement, 565. 

Yards (Estate, etc.), see Garages and 
garage yards, 3130; Gardener's 
yards, 3138; Laundry yards, 
3134; Service yards, 3132; 
Stables and stable yards, 3105. 



131 



LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 



Yards (House), see Estates (Private), 

House-lot, 4925-4945. 
Yearbooks of landscape architecture, 

see Landscape architecture — 

Yearbooks, 15. 



Z 

Zoological gardens, see Zoological 

parks, 5750-5775. 
Zoological parks,** 5750-5775. 
See also Aquariums; Aviaries. 



132 



